In this study, oil spill experiments were performed in a water tank to determine changes in the surface scattering characteristics during the emulsification of oil spills. A C-band fully-polarimetric microwave scatterometer and a vector network analyzer were used to observe films of the following oils: crude oil with an asphalt content below 3% that is prone to emulsification (type A), fresh crude oil extracted from an oilfield (type B), and industrial crude oil that was dehydrated and purified (type C). The difference in the backscatter results between the emulsified oil film and the calm water surface under C-band microwaves and the influence of the emulsification of the oil film on the backscatter were analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that under a low-wind and no-waves condition (the maximum wave height was below than 3 mm), the emulsification of crude oil could modulated the backscatter through changes in the surface roughness and the dielectric constant, where the surface roughness had the dominant effect. The surface backscatters of the type B oil were greater than that of the type C oil in both the emulsified and non-emulsified states. In the non-emulsified state, the average differences in the backscatter between the type B and C oils were 2.19 dB, 2.63 dB, and 2.21 dB for the polarization modes of VV, HH, and HV/VH, respectively. Smaller corresponding average differences of 0.98 dB, 1.49 dB, and 1.5 dB were found for the emulsified state with a 20% moisture constant for the oil film. The results demonstrated that the surface roughness of the different oil films could vary due to the differences in the oil compositions and the oil film properties, which in turn affect the backscatter of the oil film surface.

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溢油乳化过程中C波段微波散射特性的实验研究

在这项研究中，在水箱中进行了溢油实验，以确定溢油乳化过程中表面散射特性的变化。使用C波段全偏振微波散射仪和矢量网络分析仪观察以下油类薄膜：沥青含量低于3％且易于乳化的原油（A型），从油田提取的新鲜原油（B型）和经过脱水和纯化的工业原油（C型）。在C波段微波作用下，乳化油膜与平静水面之间的反向散射结果存在差异，并详细分析了油膜乳化对反向散射的影响。结果表明，在低风无浪条件下（最大浪高小于3 mm），原油的乳化作用可以通过改变表面粗糙度和介电常数来调节反向散射，其中表面粗糙度起主要作用。在乳化态和非乳化态下，B型油的表面反向散射均大于C型油的表面反向散射。在非乳化状态下，对于VV，HH和HV / VH的偏振模式，B型和C型油之间的反向散射平均差异分别为2.19 dB，2.63 dB和2.21 dB。对于乳化状态，发现较小的相应平均差异为0.98 dB，1.49 dB和1.5 dB，而油膜的水分常数为20％。结果表明，不同的油膜表面粗糙度可能会因油成分和油膜性能的差异而有所不同，