Modulation of platelet-surface activation is important for many biomedical applications such as in vivo performance, platelet storage, and acceptance of an implant. Reducing platelet-surface activation is challenging because they become activated immediately after short contact with nonphysiological surfaces. To date, controversies and open questions in the field of platelet-surface activation still remain. Here, we review state-of-the-art approaches in inhibiting platelet-surface activation, mainly focusing on modification, patterning, and methodologies for characterization of the surfaces. As a future perspective, we discuss how the combination of biochemical and physiochemical strategies together with the topographical modulations would assist in the search for an ideal nonthrombogenic surface.

中文翻译：

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血小板表面活化的调节：现状和未来展望

血小板表面活化的调节对于许多生物医学应用非常重要，例如体内性能、血小板储存和植入物的接受。减少血小板表面活化具有挑战性，因为它们在与非生理表面短暂接触后立即被活化。迄今为止，血小板表面活化领域的争议和悬而未决的问题仍然存在。在这里，我们回顾了抑制血小板表面活化的最先进的方法，主要集中在修饰、图案化和表面表征的方法上。作为未来的展望，我们讨论了生化和物理化学策略与地形调制的结合如何有助于寻找理想的非血栓形成表面。