Cancer has been one of the most significant causes of mortality, worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a competent, cancer‐fighting clinical strategy. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of such treatments, costs, and off‐target adverse effects, the implementation of cancer immunotherapy described by the antigen‐presenting cell (APC) vaccine and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy ex vivo in large clinical trials have been limited. Nowadays, the nanoparticles theranostic system as a promising target‐based modality provides new opportunities to improve cancer immunotherapy difficulties and reduce their adverse effects. Meanwhile, the appropriate engineering of nanoparticles taking into consideration nanoparticle characteristics, such as, size, shape, and surface features, as well as the use of these physicochemical properties for suitable biological interactions, provides new possibilities for the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we focus on the latest state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticle‐based antigen/adjuvant delivery vehicle strategies to professional APCs and engineering specific T lymphocyte required for improving the efficiency of tumor‐specific immunotherapy.

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癌症免疫疗法中的纳米粒子：一种创新策略

癌症一直是全世界最重要的死亡原因之一。癌症免疫疗法最近已成为一种有效的抗癌临床策略。然而，由于此类治疗的难度、成本和脱靶副作用，抗原呈递细胞（APC）疫苗和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法所描述的癌症免疫疗法在大型临床试验中的离体实施已被广泛采用。有限的。如今，纳米粒子治疗系统作为一种很有前景的靶向治疗模式，为改善癌症免疫治疗的难度和减少其不良反应提供了新的机会。同时，考虑到纳米粒子特性，如尺寸、形状和表面特征，对纳米粒子进行适当的工程设计，以及将这些物理化学特性用于合适的生物相互作用，为纳米粒子在癌症免疫治疗中的应用提供了新的可能性。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了最新最先进的基于纳米粒子的抗原/佐剂递送载体策略，用于提高肿瘤特异性免疫治疗效率所需的专业 APC 和工程特异性 T 淋巴细胞。