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Long-term variation in aerosol optical properties and their climatic implications over major cities of Pakistan
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105419
Maqbool Ahmad , Shahina Tariq , Khan Alam , Sajid Anwar , Muhammad Ikram

Abstract The present study investigates long-term variation in aerosol optical properties (AOP) and their associated climatic implications over selected cities of Chitral, Gwadar, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta in Pakistan for the period 2005–2018. For this purpose, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol index (AI) are retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Results revealed annual increasing trend of AOD with maximum values in summer during the study period over all study regions, except for Chitral. Similar annual trend was observed for AI but with minimum values in summer. Further, temperature and relative humidity (RH) showed significant relationships with AOD along with evidences of precipitation influences. In addition, the trajectory analysis of Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) Model confirmed the arrival of both short and long-range air masses to the receptor sites. Similarly, the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) and direct aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (DARFE) were calculated using Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. The multiyear mean monthly atmospheric DARF values of 8.80, 16.32, 10.74, 21.64, 9.10 and 10.94 W/m2 were observed over Chitral, Gwadar, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta, respectively. Consequently, the maximum heating rate (HR) of 0.48 K/day (Chitral), 0.93 K/day (Gwadar), 0.51 K/day (Karachi), 1.23 K/day (Lahore), 0.44 K/day (Peshawar) and 0.56 K/day (Quetta) showed a net warming effect during 2005–2018. These results can give an insight into aerosol concentration and can form the basis for aerosol-induced climatic implications in the study area.

中文翻译:

气溶胶光学特性的长期变化及其对巴基斯坦主要城市的气候影响

摘要 本研究调查了 2005 年至 2018 年间巴基斯坦吉特拉尔、瓜达尔、卡拉奇、拉合尔、白沙瓦和奎达等选定城市气溶胶光学特性 (AOP) 的长期变化及其相关的气候影响。为此,从中分辨率成像光谱仪 (MODIS) 和臭氧监测仪 (OMI) 中检索气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 和气溶胶指数 (AI)。结果表明,除 Chitral 外,所有研究区域的 AOD 均呈逐年增加趋势,研究期间夏季为最大值。AI 也观察到类似的年度趋势,但在夏季出现最小值。此外,温度和相对湿度 (RH) 与 AOD 以及降水影响的证据显示出显着关系。此外,混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹 (HYSPLIT) 模型的轨迹分析证实了短程和长程气团都到达了接收器位置。同样,直接气溶胶辐射强迫 (DARF) 和直​​接气溶胶辐射强迫效率 (DARFE) 是使用云和地球辐射能系统 (CERES) 数据计算的。在吉特拉尔、瓜达尔、卡拉奇、拉合尔、白沙瓦和奎达上空观测到的多年平均月大气 DARF 值分别为 8.80、16.32、10.74、21.64、9.10 和 10.94 W/m2。因此,最大加热速率 (HR) 为 0.48 K/天(Chitral)、0.93 K/天(瓜达尔)、0.51 K/天(卡拉奇)、1.23 K/天(拉合尔)、0.44 K/天(白沙瓦)和0.56 K/天(奎达)在 2005-2018 年期间显示出净变暖效应。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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