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Delay of Flowering at High Temperature in Chrysanthemum: Duration of Darkness and Transitions in Lighting Determine Daily Peak Heat Sensitivity
Horticulture Journal ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.2503/hortj.utd-192
Yoshihiro Nakano 1 , Tomoyuki Takase 1 , Katsuhiko Sumitomo 1 , Shihori Suzuki 2 , Kana Tsuda-Kawamura 3 , Tamotsu Hisamatsu 1
Affiliation  

Heat-induced flowering delay of Chrysanthemum morifolium is a major problem affecting the production of cut flowers in Japan. Understanding the delay mechanism is indispensable to achieve stable production. Heat sensitivity has been shown to fluctuate throughout the day, as if it is regulated by a circadian clock. This paper studied the involvement of a circadian clock and photoperiod in the fluctuation of heat sensitivity throughout the day by applying pulses of heat at different times to Chrysanthemum seticuspe and Chrysanthemum morifolium under different regimens of light and dark. One experiment examined the elevation of heat sensitivity under different photoperiods in order to determine whether the transition from light to dark or vice versa serves as a signal for a clock-like regulation of heat sensitivity. Maximum heat sensitivity was frequently observed at a constant interval after light-off, but not after light-on, identifying the transition to darkness as the signal that initiates the elevation mechanism. We also examined the descending phase of heat sensitivity. Heat sensitivity peaked approximately 16 h after light-off and then gradually declined under dark conditions, suggesting an endogenous clock-controlled fluctuation. We further studied the effect of light on elevated sensitivity by conducting trials with dark periods of 13 or 16 h. Sensitivity peaked at both 10–13 and 13–16 h after light-off under the 16 h-dark condition, but only at 10–13 h after light-off under the 13 h-dark condition, indicating a rapid decline in heat sensitivity induced by light supplied 13 h after light-off. Results of the three experiments suggest that the daily elevation in heat sensitivity is potentially controlled by an internal clock that is reset by a transition from light to dark. A subsequent transition to light appears to eliminate elevated sensitivity. From this, we conclude that heat sensitivity is maximized toward the end of the night, irrespective of photoperiod, in chrysanthemums.



中文翻译:

菊花高温下的开花延迟:黑暗的持续时间和照明的过渡决定了每日峰值热敏性

菊花的热诱导开花延迟是影响日本切花生产的主要问题。了解延迟机制对于实现稳定的生产必不可少。已经显示出热敏性全天在波动,好像它由昼夜节律的时钟调节一样。本文研究了昼夜节律和光周期对全天热敏感性波动的影响,方法是在不同时间对菊苣菊花进行加热。在不同的光明和黑暗方案下。一项实验检查了在不同光周期下的热敏度升高,以确定从明到暗或反之亦然的转变是否作为类似于时钟的热敏调节信号。经常在熄火后以恒定的时间间隔观察到最大的热敏性,但是在点燃后却没有观察到,因此将向暗处的转变识别为启动海拔机制的信号。我们还检查了热敏性的下降阶段。热敏性在起燃后约16 h达到峰值,然后在黑暗条件下逐渐降低,表明内源性时钟控制的波动。我们通过进行13或16小时的暗期试验进一步研究了光对提高敏感性的影响。在16小时黑暗条件下起燃后,灵敏度在10-13和13-16小时达到峰值,但在13小时黑暗条件下起燃后仅在10-13小时达到峰值,表明热敏性迅速下降。点燃后13小时提供的光引起的感应。这三个实验的结果表明,热敏感度的每日升高可能由内部时钟控制,该内部时钟通过从亮到暗的过渡而重置。随后向光过渡似乎消除了提高的灵敏度。据此,我们得出结论,菊花的热敏感度在夜晚结束时最大,而与光周期无关。表示起燃13小时后提供的光引起的热敏度迅速下降。这三个实验的结果表明,热敏感度的每日升高可能由内部时钟控制,该内部时钟通过从亮到暗的过渡而重置。随后向光过渡似乎消除了提高的灵敏度。据此,我们得出结论,菊花的热敏感度在夜晚结束时最大,而与光周期无关。表示起燃13小时后提供的光引起的热敏度迅速下降。这三个实验的结果表明,热敏感度的每日升高可能由内部时钟控制,该内部时钟通过从亮到暗的过渡而重置。随后向光过渡似乎消除了提高的灵敏度。据此,我们得出结论,菊花的热敏感度在夜晚结束时最大,而与光周期无关。

更新日期:2020-12-28
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