The UV/hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) advanced oxidation process (AOP) frequently employed to generate hydroxyl radical (^•OH) to treat reverse osmosis permeate (ROP) in potable reuse treatment trains is inefficient, using only 10% of the H₂O₂. This study evaluated ^·OH generation by electron transfer from a low-cost stainless steel cathode. In deionized water, the electrochemical system achieved 0.5 log removal of 1,4-dioxane, a benchmark for AOP validation for potable reuse, within 4 min using only 1.25 mg/L H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide and 1,4-dioxane degradations were maximized near −0.18 and + 0.02 V versus standard hydrogen electrode, respectively. Degradations of positively and negatively charged compounds were comparable to neutral 1,4-dioxane, indicating that degradation occurs by ^·OH generation from neutral H₂O₂ and that electrostatic repulsion of contaminants from the electrode is not problematic. For ROP without chloramines, 0.5 log 1,4-dioxane removal was achieved in 6.7 min with 7 mM salts for ionic strength and 2.5 mg/L H₂O₂. For ROP with 1.4 mg/L as Cl₂ chloramines, 0.5 log 1,4-dioxane removal was achieved in 13.2 min with 7 mM salts and 4.5 mg/L total H₂O₂ dosed in three separate injections in 5 min intervals. Initial estimates based on lab-scale electrochemical AOP treatment indicated that, except for the cost of salts, the electrochemical AOP featured lower reagent costs than the UV/H₂O₂ AOP but higher electricity costs that could be reduced by optimization of the electrochemical design.

中文翻译：

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过氧化氢的还原性电化学活化作为高级氧化工艺，用于在饮用水回用过程中处理反渗透渗透液。

经常使用的紫外线/过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）高级氧化工艺（AOP）产生羟基自由基（^• OH）来处理便携式重复使用处理系统中的反渗透渗透液（ROP）效率低下，仅使用10％的H ₂ O ₂。这项研究评估了^·低成本不锈钢阴极通过电子转移产生的OH。在去离子水中，电化学系统仅使用1.25 mg / LH ₂ O _2即可在4分钟内去除0.5 log的1,4-二恶烷，这是AOP验证可重复使用的基准。与标准氢电极相比，分别在-0.18和+ 0.02 V附近使过氧化氢和1,4-二恶烷的降解最大化。正电和带负电荷的化合物的降解比得上中性1,4-二恶烷，指示由发生的降解^· OH从中立ħ代₂ ö ₂和从电极污染物的那静电排斥是没有问题的。对于不含氯胺的ROP，在6.7分钟内用7 mM的离子强度盐和2.5 mg / LH ₂ O ₂盐去除0.5 log 1,4-二恶烷。对于含1.4 mg / L的Cl ₂氯胺的ROP，在13.2分钟内用7 mM的盐和4.5 mg / L的总H ₂ O去除了0.5 log 1,4-二恶烷₂剂，每5分钟间隔3次注射。基于实验室规模的电化学AOP处理的初步估计表明，除了盐的成本外，电化学AOP的试剂成本比UV / H ₂ O ₂ AOP低，但可以通过优化电化学设计来降低电费。