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Combined impact of summer heat waves and coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea
Oceanologia ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.oceano.2020.08.003
Ülo Suursaar

Under warming climates, heat waves (HWs) have occurred in increasing intensity in Europe. Also, public interest towards HWs has considerably increased over the last decades. The paper discusses the manifestations of the summer 2014 HW and simultaneously occurring coastal upwelling (CU) events in the Gulf of Finland. Caused by an anticyclonic weather pattern and persisting easterly winds, CUs evolved along the southern coast of the Gulf in four episodes from June to August. Based on data from coastal weather stations, 115 days-long measurements with a Recording Doppler Current Profiler (RDCP) oceanographic complex and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite images, the partly opposing impacts of these events are analysed. Occurring on the background of a marine HW (up to 26°C), the CU-forced SST variations reached about 20 degrees. At the 10 m deep RDCP mooring location, a drop from 21.5 to 2.9°C occurred within 60 hours. Salinity varied between 3.6 and 6.2 and an alongshore coastal jet was observed; the statistically preferred westerly current frequently flowed against the wind. Locally, the cooling effect of the CUs occasionally mitigated the overheating effects by the HWs both in the sea and on the marine-land boundary. However, in the elongated channel-like Gulf of Finland, upwelling at one coast is usually paired with downwelling at the opposite coast, and simultaneously or subsequently occurring HWs and CUs effectively contribute to heat transfer from the atmosphere to the water mass. Rising extremes of HWs and rapid variations by CUs may put the ecosystems under increasing stress.



中文翻译:

夏季热浪和波罗的海沿岸上升的综合影响

在气候变暖的情况下,欧洲的热浪(HW)强度越来越高。而且,在过去的几十年中,公众对硬件的兴趣大大增加了。本文讨论了2014年夏季HW的表现以及芬兰湾同时发生的沿海上升流(CU)事件。由于反气旋的天气模式和持续的东风,CU在6月至8月的四次中沿海湾南部海岸演化。基于沿海气象站的数据,使用记录多普勒海流剖面仪(RDCP)海洋综合设施和海面温度(SST)卫星图像进行了115天的测量,分析了这些事件的部分相反影响。在海洋硬件(最高26°C)的背景下,CU强迫的SST变化达到约20度。在10 m深的RDCP系泊位置,在60小时内从21.5降至2.9°C。盐度在3.6至6.2之间变化,并观察到近岸沿海喷流。统计上偏爱的西风流经常逆风而流。就局部而言,CU的冷却效果偶尔会减轻HW在海上和在海陆边界上的过热影响。但是,在细长的通道状芬兰湾中,通常在一个海岸的上升流与在相反海岸的下降流配对,并且同时发生或随后发生的HW和CU有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。盐度在3.6至6.2之间变化,并观察到沿海近海喷流。统计上偏爱的西风流经常逆风而流。就局部而言,CU的冷却效果偶尔会减轻HW在海上和在海陆边界上的过热影响。但是,在细长的通道状芬兰湾中,通常在一个海岸的上升流与在相反海岸的下降流配对,并且同时发生或随后发生的HW和CU有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。盐度在3.6至6.2之间变化,并观察到沿海近海喷流。统计上偏爱的西风流经常逆风而流。就局部而言,CU的冷却效果偶尔会减轻HW在海上和在海陆边界上的过热影响。但是,在细长的通道状芬兰湾中,通常在一个海岸的上升流与在相反海岸的下降流配对,并且同时发生或随后发生的HW和CU有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。CU的冷却效果偶尔会减轻HW在海上和在海陆边界上的过热影响。但是,在细长的通道状芬兰湾中,通常在一个海岸的上升流与在相反海岸的下降流配对,并且同时发生或随后发生的HW和CU有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。CU的冷却效果偶尔会减轻HW在海上和在海陆边界上的过热影响。但是,在细长的通道状芬兰湾中,通常在一个海岸的上升流与在相反海岸的下降流配对,并且同时发生或随后发生的HW和CU有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。同时或随后发生的硬件和铜元素有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。同时或随后发生的硬件和铜元素有效地促进了从大气到水团的热传递。硬件的极端化和CU的快速变化可能会使生态系统承受越来越大的压力。

更新日期:2020-08-22
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