In this review, I summarize historical and recent features of the classical pathways activated by growth hormone (GH) through the cell surface GH receptor (GHR). GHR is a cytokine receptor superfamily member that signals by activating the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, JAK2, and members of the Src family kinases. Activation of the GHR engages STATs, PI3K, and ERK pathways, among others, and details of these now-classical pathways are presented. Modulating elements, including the SOCS proteins, phosphatases, and regulated GHR metalloproteolysis, are discussed. In addition, a novel physical and functional interaction of GHR with IGF-1R is summarized and discussed in terms of its mechanisms, consequences, and physiological and therapeutic implications.

在这篇综述中，我总结了由生长激素 (GH) 通过细胞表面 GH 受体 (GHR) 激活的经典途径的历史和近期特征。GHR 是一种细胞因子受体超家族成员，通过激活非受体酪氨酸激酶 JAK2 和 Src 家族激酶成员发出信号。GHR 的激活涉及 STATs、PI3K 和 ERK 途径等，并介绍了这些现在经典途径的细节。讨论了调节元件，包括 SOCS 蛋白、磷酸酶和受调节的 GHR 金属蛋白水解。此外，总结和讨论了 GHR 与 IGF-1R 的新物理和功能相互作用的机制、后果以及生理和治疗意义。