When a voluntary action is followed by a sensory outcome, their timings are perceived to shift toward each other compared to when they were generated independently. Recent studies have tried to explain this temporal binding effect based on the cue integration theory, in which the timing of action and outcome are estimated as a precision-weighted average of their individual estimates, although distinct results were obtained between the binding of action and outcome. This study demonstrates that cue integration underlies both action and outcome bindings, using visual changes as action outcomes. Participants viewed a moving clock presented on a screen to report the onset time of their action or the feature changes of visual objects that were relevant or irrelevant to the clock movement. The results revealed that the precision of outcome timing judgment was different based on the object that underwent a feature change. Moreover, consistent with the theory's prediction, the perceptual shifts of action and outcome timings were larger and smaller, respectively, when the precision of outcome timing judgments was higher. These results suggest that cue integration serves as a common mechanism in action and outcome bindings.

当自愿行动后产生感觉结果时，与它们独立产生时相比，它们的时机被认为是相互偏移的。最近的研究试图基于提示整合理论来解释这种时间约束效应，其中将作用和结果的时间估计为其各自估计的精确加权平均值，尽管在作用和结果的结合之间获得了不同的结果。 。这项研究表明，提示整合是使用视觉变化作为动作结果的基础，是动作和结果绑定的基础。参与者查看了屏幕上显示的移动时钟，以报告其动作的开始时间或与时钟移动相关或不相关的视觉对象的特征变化。结果表明，根据进行特征变更的对象，结果时序判断的精度有所不同。而且，与理论的预测一致，当结果时序判断的精度较高时，动作的感知位移和结果时序会分别变大和变小。这些结果表明提示整合是行动和结果绑定中的常见机制。