This article reviews modern district heating systems (DHS), with the main emphasis on the new challenges in modeling, operation, and planning. We give a brief historical overview of evolution of heating systems around the world and provide the description of DHS in the countries where they constitute a substantial component of the energy supply infrastructure. Main modeling approaches are then reviewed. The review is followed by discussion of the major challenges in modern DHS: active consumers, state estimation, control issues, and future challenges of the operation under uncertainties.

中文翻译：

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更智慧的智慧区域供热

本文回顾了现代区域供热系统 (DHS)，主要强调建模、操作和规划方面的新挑战。我们简要介绍了世界各地供暖系统的演变历史，并介绍了这些国家的 DHS 是能源供应基础设施的重要组成部分。然后审查主要的建模方法。审查之后讨论了现代 DHS 的主要挑战：活跃消费者、状态估计、控制问题以及不确定性下运营的未来挑战。