With rapid growth of distributed renewable generation, the establishment of electricity distribution markets has attracted widespread concerns. Different from existing transmission grid-scale electricity markets, an electricity distribution market is featured by numerous small-scale prosumers, and zero marginal cost and intermittency of renewable generation units. Against this background, this paper first extends an average pricing market (APM) mechanism for pricing renewable generation outputs with zero marginal cost in the distribution network concerned. Then, to mitigate the uninstructed volatility of renewable generation outputs and power demand, a penalty scheme is proposed for deviations between the real-time demand/output and market cleared bid/offer, with frequency regulation service (FRS) from energy storage systems (ESSs) considered. It is proved that the market volatility can be well controlled within an expected limit through properly setting the penalty prices for load demand and generation output fluctuations. Also, with this mechanism a non-negative market surplus could always be attained. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed distribution market mechanism and penalty scheme.

中文翻译：

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减轻配电市场中可变可再生能源发电量的无节制偏离的惩罚方案

随着分布式可再生能源发电的快速增长，配电市场的建立引起了广泛的关注。与现有的输电网规模的电力市场不同，配电市场的特点是众多小型生产者，零边际成本和可再生发电机组的间歇性。在此背景下，本文首先扩展了平均定价市场（APM）机制，以在相关配电网络中以零边际成本对可再生能源发电产品进行定价。然后，为了缓解可再生能源发电输出和电力需求的无规律波动，提出了一种惩罚方案，该方案采用实时储能系统（ESS）的频率调节服务（FRS），用于实时需求/输出与市场清算的买/卖之间的偏差。 ）考虑。事实证明，通过适当设置负荷需求和发电量波动的惩罚价格，可以将市场波动很好地控制在预期的范围内。同样，通过这种机制，总是可以实现非负的市场盈余。通过案例研究来证明所提议的分销市场机制和罚款方案的可行性和效率。