To investigate the effect of the operating temperature on the performance of building integrated photovoltaic modules, two different crystalline silicon (c-Si) module types (glass/backsheet and glass/glass) with two different mounting configurations (ventilated and insulated) were installed in Canobbio, Switzerland and monitored over more than four years outdoors. The differences in the performance loss rates (PLRs) between module types and mounting configurations were determined by using the year-over-year methodology. The glass/backsheet module was markedly affected by the higher operating temperature: PLR changed from 0.01%/yr for ventilated to $-$0.42%/yr for insulated. However, the glass/glass module showed an opposite and unexpected trend: PLR changed from $-$0.10%/yr for ventilated to 0.26%/yr for insulated. Analysis of the IV curve parameters revealed that the decreased performance of the insulated glass/backsheet module was chiefly due to the loss in the fill factor with increased resistance; however, the gain in the short-circuit current (I_sc) was the main driver for the increased performance of the insulated glass/glass module. Real-world temperature coefficients were further examined and they were mostly found to be in line with the values measured indoors. Lower power–temperature and higher current–temperature dependence of the insulated glass/glass module, compared to the ventilated construction, supported the observed performance and current behavior of this module.

中文翻译：

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工作温度对BIPV组件性能的影响

为了研究工作温度对建筑集成光伏组件性能的影响，将具有两种不同安装配置（通风和绝缘）的两种不同晶体硅 (c-Si) 组件类型（玻璃/背板和玻璃/玻璃）安装在Canobbio，瑞士，并在户外进行了四年多的监测。模块类型和安装配置之间的性能损失率 (PLR) 差异是通过使用同比方法确定的。玻璃/背板模块受到较高工作温度的显着影响：PLR 从通风的 0.01%/年变为$-$绝缘材料为 0.42%/年。然而，玻璃/玻璃模组却呈现出相反且出乎意料的趋势：PLR从$-$通风为 0.10%/年，绝缘为 0.26%/年。分析四曲线参数显示，绝缘玻璃/背板组件性能下降的主要原因是填充因子随着电阻的增加而损失；然而，短路电流的增益（一世_sc ) 是提高绝缘玻璃/玻璃模块性能的主要驱动力。进一步检查了真实世界的温度系数，发现它们大多与室内测量值一致。与通风结构相比，绝缘玻璃/玻璃模块具有更低的功率-温度和更高的电流-温度依赖性，支持该模块观察到的性能和电流行为。