The IEC TS 60904-1-2 was published to standardize the indoor and outdoor electrical characterization of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) devices. In our previous work, we analyzed the requirements stipulated in the technical specification to limit the unwanted irradiance for single light source characterization, via evaluating two back panel materials of opposite optical properties, and the effectiveness of combining back panel and masking. Expanding on our previous work, we analyzed the impact of back panel optical properties, masking, and distance of back panel from module, on the maximum power of three types of bifacial PV module at three distance under all A configurations described in our previous work. A detailed uncertainty analysis was conducted. By treating the article as intermediate precision condition of measurements, the dominant uncertainty contributions arise from rear-side irradiance, repeatability and thermal stability, and homogeneity. When the back panel is placed between 5 and 10 cm from the module, uncertainty analysis shows that low-reflection back panels with diffusive or specular reflecting surface exhibits comparable results. The PMPP and total uncertainty increase as the distance decreases down to 1 cm. The results signify the importance of back panel at a safe distance of 10 cm behind the module to reduce the uncertainty contribution of rear-side irradiance, thus achieving accurate PMPP measurements. Masking is required depending on the amount of diffuse light present in the laboratory environment. Overall, the distance of back panel from module plays a much more crucial role over the choices of the material and masking.

中文翻译：

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单光源商用双面光伏组件室内精确表征的计量研究

IEC TS 60904-1-2 的发布是为了标准化双面光伏 (PV) 设备的室内和室外电气特性。在我们之前的工作中，我们通过评估两种光学特性相反的背板材料，以及背板和遮蔽相结合的有效性，分析了技术规范中规定的限制单光源表征不需要的辐照度的要求。在我们之前工作的基础上，我们分析了背板光学特性、掩蔽和背板与模块的距离对我们之前工作中描述的所有 A 配置下三种距离的三种双面光伏组件的最大功率的影响。进行了详细的不确定性分析。通过将物品视为测量的中间精度条件，主要的不确定性贡献来自背面辐照度、可重复性和热稳定性以及均匀性。当背板放置在距离模块 5 到 10 厘米之间时，不确定性分析表明具有漫反射或镜面反射表面的低反射背板表现出可比的结果。PMPP 和总不确定性随着距离减小到 1 厘米而增加。结果表明后面板在模块后面 10 厘米的安全距离处的重要性，以减少背面辐照度的不确定性贡献，从而实现准确的 PMPP 测量。根据实验室环境中存在的漫射光量，是否需要遮蔽。总的来说，背板与模块的距离在材料和掩蔽的选择上起着更为关键的作用。