Goat plays a crucial role in human livelihoods, being a major source of meat, milk, fiber, and hides, particularly under adverse climatic conditions. The goat genomics related to the candidate gene approach is now being used to recognize molecular mechanisms that have different expressions of growth, reproductive, milk, wool, and disease resistance. The appropriate literature on this topic has been reviewed in this article. Several genetic characterization attempts of different goats have reported the existence of genotypic and morphological variations between different goat populations. As a result, different whole-genome sequences along with annotated gene sequences, gene function, and other genomic information of different goats are available in different databases. The main objective of this review is to search the genes associated with economic traits in goats. More than 271 candidate genes have been discovered in goats. Candidate genes influence the physiological pathway, metabolism, and expression of phenotypes. These genes have different functions on economically important traits. Some genes have pleiotropic effect for expression of phenotypic traits. Hence, recognizing candidate genes and their mutations that cause variations in gene expression and phenotype of an economic trait can help breeders look for genetic markers for specific economic traits. The availability of reference whole-genome assembly of goats, annotated genes, and transcriptomics makes comparative genomics a useful tool for systemic genetic upgradation. Identification and characterization of trait-associated sequence variations and gene will provide powerful means to give positive influences for future goat breeding program.

中文翻译：

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山羊基因组资源：寻找与其经济性状相关的基因。

山羊在人类的生计中起着至关重要的作用，是肉，奶，纤维和皮革的主要来源，尤其是在不利的气候条件下。与候选基因方法相关的山羊基因组学现已用于识别具有不同表达方式的分子机制，包括生长，生殖，牛奶，羊毛和抗病性。本文已回顾了有关该主题的适当文献。不同山羊的几种遗传表征尝试已经报告了不同山羊种群之间存在基因型和形态变异。结果，在不同的数据库中可获得不同的全基因组序列以及带注释的基因序列，基因功能以及不同山羊的其他基因组信息。这篇综述的主要目的是寻找与山羊经济性状相关的基因。在山羊中发现了超过271个候选基因。候选基因影响生理途径，代谢和表型表达。这些基因在重要的经济性状上具有不同的功能。一些基因具有表现表型性状的多效性作用。因此，识别候选基因及其引起经济性状基因表达和表型变异的突变可以帮助育种者寻找特定经济性状的遗传标记。参考全基因组的山羊，带注释的基因和转录组学的可用性使比较基因组学成为系统遗传升级的有用工具。