SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.2118/199335-pa Morteza Roostaei 1 , Seyed Abolhassan Hosseini 2 , Mohammad Soroush 2 , Arian Velayati 3 , Ahmad Alkouh 4 , Mahdi Mahmoudi 1 , Ali Ghalambor 5 , Vahidoddin Fattahpour 1
Sieve analysis, sedimentation, and laser diffraction (LD) have been the methods of choice in determining particle-size distribution (PSD) for sand control design. However, these methods do not provide any information regarding the particle shape. In this study, we introduce the application of dynamic image analysis (DIA) to characterize particle sizes and shape descriptors of sand-bearing formations.
DIA, which is an advanced method of particle size and shape characterization, along with other PSD measurement methods, including sieving, sedimentation, and LD, were used to study size and shape variations of 372 unconsolidated formation sand samples from North America, Latin America, and the Middle East. Different methods were compared in the estimation of PSD and fines content, which are the primary factors important in sand-control design.
Through minimizing the sampling and measurement errors, the deviation between different PSD measurement techniques was attributed solely to the shape of the particles and the amount of fine fraction. For fines-content measurement, the values obtained through Feret min parameter values (the minimum size of a particle along all directions) calculated by DIA and sieving measurement are comparable within a 5% confidence band. The deviation between the results of different methods becomes more significant by increasing fines content. Moreover, this deviation increases for less isodiametric grains. The fines and clay content show higher values when measured by any wet analysis. LD also tends to overestimate the fines fraction and underestimate silt/sand fraction compared with other dry techniques. By comparing the deviation of the DIA and sieving at standard mesh sizes, an algorithm has been developed that chooses the equivalent sphere sizes of DIA with minimum deviation from sieving.
This study performs several measurements on formation sands to illustrate the real advantage of the new methods over traditional measurement techniques. Furthermore, particle-shape descriptors were used to explain the deviation between the results of different PSD measurement methods.
Correction Notice: This paper has been updated from its originally published version to correct the provenance statement on page 1. No other information was changed.
中文翻译:
各种粒度分布测量方法的比较
筛分分析,沉降和激光衍射(LD)已成为确定防砂设计的粒度分布(PSD)的首选方法。但是,这些方法没有提供有关颗粒形状的任何信息。在这项研究中,我们介绍了动态图像分析(DIA)在表征含砂岩层的粒径和形状描述子中的应用。
DIA是一种先进的粒度和形状表征方法,与其他PSD测量方法(包括筛分,沉降和LD)一起用于研究了来自北美,拉丁美洲,和中东。比较了估算PSD和细粉含量的不同方法,这是防砂设计中重要的主要因素。
通过最小化采样和测量误差,不同PSD测量技术之间的偏差完全归因于颗粒的形状和细小颗粒的数量。对于细粉含量测量,通过DIA和筛分测量计算得出的Feret最小参数值(颗粒在所有方向上的最小尺寸)获得的值在5%的置信区间内是可比的。通过增加细粉含量,不同方法的结果之间的差异变得更加明显。此外,对于较小等直径的晶粒,此偏差会增加。当通过任何湿法分析测量时,细粉和粘土含量显示出较高的值。与其他干法技术相比,LD还倾向于高估细粉含量,而低估粉砂/砂含量。
这项研究对地层砂进行了几次测量,以说明新方法相对于传统测量技术的真正优势。此外,使用粒子形状描述符来解释不同PSD测量方法的结果之间的偏差。
更正声明: 本文已从其原始发行版本进行了更新,以更正第1页上的出处声明。未更改其他信息。