Abstract Combustion sources have been shown to directly emit particles smaller than 10 nm. The emission of 1-3 nm particles from biofuel or fossil fuel cookstoves has not been studied previously, nor have the radiative impacts of these emissions been investigated. In this work, emissions (number of particles) were measured during a water boiling test performed on five different cookstoves (three-stone fire, rocket elbow, gasifier, charcoal, and liquified petroleum gas [LPG]) for particle diameters between ∼1 and ∼1000 nm. We found significant emissions of particles smaller than 10 nm for all cookstoves (>5 × 1015 # kg-fuel−1). Furthermore, cleaner (e.g., LPG) cookstoves emitted a larger fraction of sub-10 nm particles (relative to the total particle counts) than traditional cookstoves (e.g., three-stone fire). Simulations performed with the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem-TOMAS that were informed by emissions data from this work suggested that sub-10 nm particles were unlikely to significantly influence number concentrations of particles with diameters larger than 80 nm that can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) (<0.3%, globally averaged) or alter the cloud-albedo indirect effect (absolute value <0.005 W m−2, globally averaged). The largest, but still relatively minor, localized changes in CCN-relevant concentrations (<10%) and the cloud-albedo indirect effect (absolute value <0.5 W m−2) were found in large biofuel combustion source regions (e.g., Brazil, Tanzania, Southeast Asia) and in the Southern Ocean. Enhanced coagulation-related losses of these sub-10 nm particles at sub-grid scales will tend to further reduce their impact on particle number concentrations and the aerosol indirect effect, although they might still be of relevance for human health. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research

中文翻译：

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来自生物燃料和化石燃料炉灶的亚 10 纳米粒子的排放和辐射影响

摘要 燃烧源已被证明可以直接发射小于 10 nm 的粒子。以前从未研究过生物燃料或化石燃料炉灶中 1-3 纳米颗粒的排放，也没有研究过这些排放的辐射影响。在这项工作中，在对五种不同的炉灶（三石炉、火箭弯管、气化炉、木炭和液化石油气 [LPG]）进行的水沸腾测试中测量了排放物（颗粒数），颗粒直径介于 ~1 和约 1000 纳米。我们发现所有炉灶都会排放大量小于 10 纳米的颗粒（>5 × 1015 # kg-fuel−1）。此外，与传统炉灶（例如，三石炉）相比，更清洁的（例如，LPG）炉灶会排放更多比例的低于 10 nm 的颗粒（相对于总颗粒数）。根据这项工作的排放数据，使用全球化学传输模型 GEOS-Chem-TOMAS 进行的模拟表明，低于 10 nm 的粒子不太可能显着影响直径大于 80 nm 的粒子的数量浓度，这些粒子可以作为云凝结核 (CCN)（<0.3%，全局平均）或改变云反照率间接效应（绝对值 <0.005 W m-2，全局平均）。CCN 相关浓度（<10%）和云反照率间接效应（绝对值 <0.5 W m-2）的最大但仍然相对较小的局部变化出现在大型生物燃料燃烧源区域（例如，巴西，坦桑尼亚、东南亚）和南大洋。在亚网格尺度下，这些亚 10 纳米粒子的凝血相关损失的增强将趋于进一步减少它们对粒子数量浓度和气溶胶间接影响的影响，尽管它们可能仍然与人类健康相关。版权所有 © 2020 美国气溶胶研究协会