Animal venoms are renowned for their toxicity, biochemical complexity, and as a source of compounds with potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Polypeptides underlie much of the pharmacology of animal venoms, and elucidating these arsenals of polypeptide toxins—known as the venom proteome or venome—is an important step in venom research. Proteomics is used for the identification of venom toxins, determination of their primary structure including post‐translational modifications, as well as investigations into the physiology underlying their production and delivery. Advances in proteomics and adjacent technologies has led to a recent upsurge in publications reporting venom proteomes. Improved mass spectrometers, better proteomic workflows, and the integration of next‐generation sequencing of venom‐gland transcriptomes and venomous animal genomes allow quicker and more accurate profiling of venom proteomes with greatly reduced starting material. Technologies such as imaging mass spectrometry are revealing additional insights into the mechanism, location, and kinetics of venom toxin production. However, these numerous new developments may be overwhelming for researchers designing venom proteome studies. Here, the field of venom proteomics is reviewed and some practical solutions for simplifying mass spectrometry workflows to study animal venoms are offered.

中文翻译：

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致命蛋白质组：动物毒液蛋白质转录组学实用指南。

动物毒液以其毒性、生化复杂性以及作为在医学、农业和工业中具有潜在应用的化合物的来源而闻名。多肽是动物毒液大部分药理学的基础，阐明这些多肽毒素库（称为毒液蛋白质组或毒液）是毒液研究的重要一步。蛋白质组学用于鉴定毒液毒素，确定其一级结构，包括翻译后修饰，以及研究其产生和传递的生理学。蛋白质组学和相关技术的进步导致最近报道毒液蛋白质组的出版物激增。改进的质谱仪，更好的蛋白质组学工作流程，毒液腺转录组和有毒动物基因组的下一代测序的整合允许更快、更准确地分析毒液蛋白质组，并大大减少起始材料。成像质谱等技术揭示了对毒液毒素产生的机制、位置和动力学的更多见解。然而，这些众多的新进展对于设计毒液蛋白质组研究的研究人员来说可能是压倒性的。在这里，回顾了毒液蛋白质组学领域，并提供了一些用于简化质谱工作流程以研究动物毒液的实用解决方案。和毒液毒素产生的动力学。然而，这些众多的新进展对于设计毒液蛋白质组研究的研究人员来说可能是压倒性的。在这里，回顾了毒液蛋白质组学领域，并提供了一些用于简化质谱工作流程以研究动物毒液的实用解决方案。和毒液毒素产生的动力学。然而，这些众多的新进展对于设计毒液蛋白质组研究的研究人员来说可能是压倒性的。在这里，回顾了毒液蛋白质组学领域，并提供了一些用于简化质谱工作流程以研究动物毒液的实用解决方案。