The role of feedback during training is a topic of great theoretical importance in perceptual learning. Feedback can be provided externally by the environment or internally by the observer. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of learning with internal versus external feedback, we performed a large multi-level experiment, varying the type of training task (Motion or Form), the level of processing (Local or Global), the presence of feedback (With or Without) and finally the method of stimulus presentation (Adaptive staircase or Method of constant stimuli). 140 participants were randomly assigned to one of ten groups and undertook 3 days of training in one condition only. Detection thresholds were measured daily before and after training with a pre- and post-assessment. A 75% detection threshold was calculated and used to estimate that day’s training levels (65% and 85% accuracy for difficult and easy trials respectively). The group trained with MOCS were presented with predefined randomly interleaved easy and difficult trials ranging from 50% to 95% stimulus intensity. Our findings indicate that improvement was generally robust across training-tasks, processing levels and feedback conditions. This suggests that internal reinforcement is as effective as external feedback in a discrete-noise-paradigm for local and global tasks when easy and difficult trials are interleaved.

反馈在训练中的作用是感知学习中具有重要理论意义的课题。反馈可以由环境外部提供，也可以由观察者内部提供。为了评估内部反馈与外部反馈的学习效果，我们进行了一个大型的多层次实验，改变了训练任务的类型（运动或形式）、处理水平（局部或全局）、反馈的存在（有或没有），最后是刺激呈现的方法（自适应楼梯或恒定刺激的方法）。140 名参与者被随机分配到十组中的一组，并仅在一种情况下进行了 3 天的训练。每天在训练前后测量检测阈值，并进行前后评估。计算出 75% 的检测阈值并用于估计当天的训练水平（困难和简单试验的准确率分别为 65% 和 85%）。接受 MOCS 训练的小组接受了预定义的随机交错的简单和困难试验，刺激强度从 50% 到 95% 不等。我们的研究结果表明，在训练任务、处理水平和反馈条件方面的改进总体上是稳健的。这表明当简单和困难的试验交错时，内部强化在离散噪声范式中与外部反馈一样有效，用于局部和全局任务。我们的研究结果表明，在训练任务、处理水平和反馈条件方面的改进总体上是稳健的。这表明当简单和困难的试验交错时，内部强化在离散噪声范式中与外部反馈一样有效，用于局部和全局任务。我们的研究结果表明，在训练任务、处理水平和反馈条件方面的改进总体上是稳健的。这表明当简单和困难的试验交错时，内部强化在离散噪声范式中与外部反馈一样有效，用于局部和全局任务。