Abstract Groundwater is the primary source of fresh water for agriculture and other purposes in the Wadi El-Assiuty area; therefore, the preservation of its supply and quality is of great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality in the newly reclaimed parts of Wadi El-Assiuty by integrating hydrochemical data, multivariate statistical analyses, and a water quality index (WQI). In this study, 48 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 12 physicochemical parameters. Multivariate statistical approaches, including a correlation matrix, factor analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, were applied to differentiate the source of the water quality variation and determine the cause of groundwater deterioration. The factor analysis identified three main factors describing the groundwater quality in the study area, and the cluster analysis indicated two main distinct clusters of the analyzed variables. The spatial variation maps of the analyzed parameters were developed using interpolation techniques within a geographic information system environment. The WQI was applied according to the chemical drinking-water quality standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) with respect to the 12 parameters measured to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for human consumption. The resultant WQI showed that approximately 54% of the collected groundwater samples were of an acceptable quality for human consumption with respect to the 12 parameters measured. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated according to the salinity hazard (as electrical conductivity, EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), and magnesium hazard (MH). From the results, 40% of the collected samples were “permissible” for irrigation with respect to the EC, 82% were “good” to “excellent” with respect to the SAR values, 29% were “permissible” with respect to the Na%, and 90% were “suitable” with respect to the MH.

中文翻译：

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埃及东部沙漠 Wadi el-assiuty 下游地区地下水质量评价的多元统计分析和 WQI 方法的耦合

摘要 地下水是 Wadi El-Assiuty 地区农业和其他用途淡水的主要来源；因此，保持其供应和质量非常重要。本研究旨在通过整合水化学数据、多元统计分析和水质指数 (WQI) 来评估 Wadi El-Assiuty 新开垦部分的地下水质量。在这项研究中，收集了 48 个地下水样品并分析了 12 个理化参数。应用多变量统计方法，包括相关矩阵、因子分析和层次聚类分析，来区分水质变化的来源并确定地下水恶化的原因。因子分析确定了描述研究区地下水质量的三个主要因素，聚类分析表明分析变量有两个主要的不同聚类。分析参数的空间变化图是在地理信息系统环境中使用插值技术开发的。WQI 是根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的化学饮用水质量标准应用的，涉及测量的 12 个参数，以评估地下水对人类消费的适宜性。所得的 WQI 表明，就所测量的 12 个参数而言，大约 54% 的采集的地下水样品具有可供人类消费的可接受质量。根据盐度危害（如电导率，EC）、钠吸附率（SAR）、钠百分比（Na%）和镁危害（MH）评估地下水的适宜性。从结果来看，40% 的收集样本在 EC 方面“允许”灌溉，82% 的 SAR 值“好”到“优秀”，29% 的 Na“允许” % 和 90% 对 MH 来说是“合适的”。