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Effect of climate warming on a change in thermal and ice conditions in the largest lake in Poland – Lake Śniardwy
Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.2478/johh-2020-0024
Mariusz Ptak 1 , Mariusz Sojka 2 , Bogumił Nowak 3
Affiliation  

Abstract Lake Śniardwy is the largest among more than 7000 Polish lakes. So far, it has not been a subject of detailed investigations concerning long-term changes in water temperature or ice regime. A considerable change in thermal and ice conditions has been observed in the period 1972–2019. Mean annual water temperature increased by 0.44°C dec−1 on average, and was higher than an increase in air temperature (0.33°C dec−1). In the monthly cycle, the most dynamic changes occurred in April (0.77°C dec−1). In the case of ice cover, it appeared increasingly later (5.3 days dec−1), and disappeared earlier (3.0 days dec−1). The thickness of ice cover also decreased (2.4 cm dec−1). Statistical analysis by means of a Pettitt test showed that the critical moment for the transformations of the thermal and ice regime was the end of the 1980’s. In addition to the obvious relations with air temperature for both characteristics, it was evidenced that the occurrence of ice cover depended on wind speed and snow cover. The recorded changes in the case of Lake Śniardwy are considered unfavourable, and their consequences will affect the course of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the largest lake in Poland.

中文翻译:

气候变暖对波兰最大湖泊——希尼亚德韦湖的热和冰条件变化的影响

Abstract Śniardwy 湖是波兰 7000 多个湖泊中最大的一个。到目前为止,还没有对水温或冰情的长期变化进行详细调查。在 1972 年至 2019 年期间,观察到热和冰条件发生了相当大的变化。年平均水温 dec-1 平均上升 0.44°C,高于气温上升幅度(0.33°C dec-1)。在月周期中,最动态的变化发生在 4 月(0.77°C dec-1)。在冰盖的情况下,它出现越来越晚(5.3 天 dec-1),消失得更早(3.0 天 dec-1)。冰盖的厚度也减少了(2.4 cm dec-1)。通过 Pettitt 检验的统计分析表明,热态和冰态转变的关键时刻是 1980 年代末。除了这两种特征与气温的明显关系外,还证明冰盖的发生取决于风速和积雪。Śniardwy 湖的记录变化被认为是不利的,其后果将影响波兰最大湖泊的物理、化学和生物过程。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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