ABSTRACT: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates a complex signal pathway from translation to autophagy that is a key regulator of not only growth and proliferation but also metabolism and aging. mTOR is sensitive to many environmental and endocrine stimuli. We investigated the influence of TOR signaling on aging and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus using rapamycin as an exogenous inhibitor. We found that 2 and 4 µM rapamycin extended B. calyciflorus life span by 15 and 22%, respectively compared with controls (p < 0.05). The reproductive peak was significantly delayed by rapamycin at 2 and 4 µM (p < 0.01), but the pre- and post-reproduction periods were not significantly different from controls (p > 0.05). Partial cDNAs coding 375 bp for TOR and 951 bp for S6 kinase (S6K) were obtained from B. calyciflorus expressed sequence tags. The identities of the deduced amino acid sequences of B. calyciflorus cDNAs to their human orthologs were 58% for TOR and 68% for S6K. TOR and S6K mRNA expression were up- or down-regulated by different rapamycin concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 µM) and treatment intervals (control, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h). The results indicated that TOR inhibition acted additively to extend rotifer life span, with up- and down-regulation simultaneously impacting reproduction and gene expression.

中文翻译：

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雷帕霉素对花椰菜（Brachoionus calyciflorus，Rotifera）的寿命以及TOR和S6K表达的影响

摘要：雷帕霉素（mTOR）的机械靶标协调了从翻译到自噬的复杂信号通路，这不仅是生长和增殖，而且还是代谢和衰老的关键调节剂。mTOR对许多环境和内分泌刺激敏感。我们调查了雷帕霉素作为外源性抑制剂的TOR信号转导对轮虫花椰菜轮枝的衰老和繁殖的影响。我们发现与对照组相比，2和4 µM雷帕霉素可将花椰菜双歧杆菌的寿命分别延长15％和22％（p <0.05）。雷帕霉素在2和4 µM时生殖峰明显延迟（p <0.01），但生殖前后与对照组无显着差异（p> 0.05）。编码375 bp的部分cDNAS6激酶（S6K）的TOR和951 bp是从花芽孢杆菌表达的序列标签获得的。弯孢芽孢杆菌cDNA的推导氨基酸序列与其人直系同源物的比例对于TOR而言为58％，对于S6K而言为68％。通过不同的雷帕霉素浓度（0.5、1、2、4、8和16 µM）和治疗间隔（对照，12、24、36和48 h），TOR和S6K mRNA表达上调或下调。结果表明，TOR抑制作用可累加延长轮虫的寿命，上调和下调同时影响繁殖和基因表达。