ABSTRACT: Experiments in marine behavioural ecology rely heavily on observations made in tanks. However, when studying acoustic behaviours of marine animals in confined volumes, the effects of reverberation must be characterized, something that has been overlooked in parts of the marine ecology literature. In this study, we characterized reverberation in tanks using an artificial sound source and examined the implications for bioacoustic studies using sounds emitted by the European lobster Homarus gammarus during feeding and in response to stress. Broadband and transient sounds commonly produced by crustaceans were severely impacted by reverberation such that their spectral characteristics and pulse width durations could not be assessed. In contrast, low-frequency sounds could be characterized in tanks, but not their source level. Based on these observations, we describe a simple methodology to identify which sound characteristics can be measured in tanks. When feeding, the lobsters produced broadband and transient sounds called ‘rattles’, similar to sounds reported for tropical spiny lobsters Palinurus longipes and P. argus. When stressed, H. gammarus vibrated its carapace, producing a low-frequency sound analogous to the ‘buzzing’ sound of the American lobster H. americanus. The potential role of species-specific sound is discussed; however, although our observations represent the first bioacoustic characterization of H. gammarus, additional behavioural studies are necessary to understand their ecological meaning.

中文翻译：

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罐中欧洲龙虾Homarus gammarus的声音特征

摘要：海洋行为生态学实验在很大程度上取决于在水箱中进行的观测。但是，在有限体积中研究海洋动物的声学行为时，必须确定混响的影响，这在某些海洋生态文献中已被忽略。在这项研究中，我们使用人工声源对水箱中的混响进行了表征，并使用欧洲龙虾Homarus gammarus发出的声音检查了对生物声学研究的意义。在喂食期间和应对压力。甲壳动物通常产生的宽带和瞬态声音受到混响的严重影响，因此无法评估其频谱特性和脉宽持续时间。相比之下，低频声音可以在战车中表征，但不能表征其震源水平。基于这些观察，我们描述了一种简单的方法来确定可以在储罐中测量哪些声音特性。进食时，龙虾产生宽带和瞬态声音，称为“响尾蛇”，类似于热带多刺龙虾Palinurus longipes和P. argus的声音。承受压力时，H。gammarus使其甲壳振动，产生类似于美国龙虾美洲。的“嗡嗡”声的低频声音。讨论了特定物种声音的潜在作用；然而，尽管我们的观察结果代表了H. gammarus的第一个生物声学特性，但仍需要进行额外的行为研究以了解其生态学意义。