ABSTRACT: Temperature during embryonic development affects ecological traits and influences the ability to rapidly adapt to the prevailing conditions in changing environments. Here, we review examples of how these developmental effects are manifested in life-history traits from studies of various fish species, with examples of impacts on somatic growth, age at migration and maturation, gonad allocation and egg size. Temperature during embryogenesis appears important for some behavioural decisions, such as when maturing Atlantic salmon Salmo salar return home from the ocean for spawning in distant rivers during summer. In some species, early temperature influences sex determination. The temperature level during embryogenesis may preadapt the fish to maximize offspring production under the thermal conditions encountered at the embryo stage. This thermal influence is a phenotypically plastic response that triggers polyphenism in salmonids and may be a first step in speciation of North American darters (Percidae). The responses to early temperature appear to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and micro RNAs.

中文翻译：

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鱼的表型可塑性和表观遗传学：胚胎温度影响后期发育的性状

摘要：胚胎发育过程中的温度会影响生态特征，并影响在不断变化的环境中快速适应主要条件的能力。在这里，我们将通过各种鱼类的研究回顾这些生命效应在生活史特征中如何体现的例子，以及对体细胞生长，迁移和成熟年龄，性腺分配和卵大小的影响的例子。胚胎发生过程中的温度对于某些行为决定似乎很重要，例如大西洋鲑Salmo salar成熟时夏季从海洋返回家中，在遥远的河流中产卵。在某些物种中，早期温度会影响性别决定。胚胎发生过程中的温度水平可能会使鱼在胚胎期遇到的热条件下预先适应最大化的后代生产。这种热影响是表型可塑性反应，可触发鲑鱼的多态性，可能是北美飞镖（Percidae）物种形成的第一步。对早期温度的反应似乎受表观遗传机制的调控，例如DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和微小RNA。