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Prevalence of six amoeba species colonising the gills of farmed Atlantic salmon with amoebic gill disease (AGD) using qPCR
Aquaculture Environment Interactions ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 , DOI: 10.3354/aei00325
CJ English , F Swords , JK Downes , NM Ruane , NA Botwright , RS Taylor , AC Barnes , JW Wynne , PC Lima , MT Cook

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is the primary health concern for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farmed in Tasmania, Australia. Neoparamoeba perurans is the aetiological agent of AGD; however, a diversity of other amoebae colonise the gills, and their role in AGD is unknown. Previous studies which document these accompanying amoebae on AGD-affected farmed Atlantic salmon relied on culture-based techniques which do not accurately determine the prevalence and abundance of these species nor whether they correlate with AGD pathology. Drawing on our previous culture-based study, here we develop and apply 5 new Taqman quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to profile the prevalence of multiple amoeba species on the gills of AGD-affected Atlantic salmon held at 2 Tasmanian farm sites over a 1 yr period. The prevalence and abundance of N. perurans was also assessed using a previously established qPCR method. N. perurans was the dominant species, and its abundance positively correlated with the progression of gross gill pathology. Only a small number of sporadic detections of Pseudoparamoeba and Vannellida species were observed. Nolandella spp. was the notable exception, as it was the most prevalent amoeba (92 %) at 1 site at 1 sample time, during which no N. perurans were detected on gills but low levels of gross gill pathology were observed. N. perurans is the predominant species and primary pathogen of AGD; however, there were instances when they were not detected on diseased gills and Nolandella spp. were highly prevalent. The significance of Nolandella spp. in relation to AGD is not yet understood.

中文翻译:

六种阿米巴变形虫在养殖大西洋鲑鱼鳃中的流行率使用 qPCR 进行阿米巴鳃病 (AGD)

阿米巴鳃病 (AGD) 是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州养殖的大西洋鲑鱼的主要健康问题。Neoparamoeba perurans 是 AGD 的病原体;然而,多种其他变形虫在鳃中定殖,它们在 AGD 中的作用尚不清楚。以前的研究记录了受 AGD 影响的养殖大西洋鲑鱼上的这些伴随变形虫,依赖于基于培养的技术,这些技术不能准确确定这些物种的流行和丰度,也不能准确确定它们是否与 AGD 病理相关。借鉴我们之前的基于培养的研究,我们在这里开发并应用了 5 种新的 Taqman 定量 PCR (qPCR) 检测方法,以分析在 1 年内在塔斯马尼亚 2 个养殖场饲养的受 AGD 影响的大西洋鲑鱼鳃上多种变形虫的流行情况时期。N 的流行率和丰度。还使用先前建立的 qPCR 方法评估了 perurans。N. perurans 是优势种,其丰度与大鳃病理进展呈正相关。仅观察到少量假拟杆菌属和 Vannellida 物种的零星检测。诺兰氏菌属 是一个显着的例外,因为它是 1 个采样时间 1 个位点最普遍的变形虫 (92%),在此期间,在鳃上未检测到 N. perurans,但观察到低水平的总鳃病理。N. perurans 是 AGD 的主要物种和主要病原体;然而,在某些情况下,在患病的鳃和 Nolandella spp 上没有检测到它们。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。其丰度与大鳃病理的进展呈正相关。仅观察到少量假拟杆菌属和 Vannellida 物种的零星检测。诺兰氏菌属 是一个显着的例外,因为它是 1 个采样时间 1 个地点最普遍的变形虫 (92%),在此期间,在鳃上未检测到 N. perurans,但观察到低水平的鳃病理学水平。N. perurans 是 AGD 的主要物种和主要病原体;然而,在某些情况下,在患病的鳃和 Nolandella spp 上没有检测到它们。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。其丰度与大鳃病理的进展呈正相关。仅观察到少量假拟杆菌属和 Vannellida 物种的零星检测。诺兰氏菌属 是一个显着的例外,因为它是 1 个采样时间 1 个地点最普遍的变形虫 (92%),在此期间,在鳃上未检测到 N. perurans,但观察到低水平的鳃病理学水平。N. perurans 是 AGD 的主要物种和主要病原体;然而,在某些情况下,在患病的鳃和 Nolandella spp 上没有检测到它们。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。诺兰氏菌属 是一个显着的例外,因为它是 1 个采样时间 1 个地点最普遍的变形虫 (92%),在此期间,在鳃上未检测到 N. perurans,但观察到低水平的鳃病理学水平。N. perurans 是 AGD 的主要物种和主要病原体;然而,在某些情况下,在患病的鳃和 Nolandella spp 上没有检测到它们。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。诺兰氏菌属 是一个显着的例外,因为它是 1 个采样时间 1 个地点最普遍的变形虫 (92%),在此期间,在鳃上未检测到 N. perurans,但观察到低水平的鳃病理学水平。N. perurans 是 AGD 的优势种和主要病原体;然而,在某些情况下,在患病的鳃和 Nolandella spp 上没有检测到它们。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。非常普遍。Nolandella spp 的重要性。与 AGD 的关系尚不清楚。
更新日期:2019-08-22
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