A pantograph–catenary system (PCS) – an essential component to supply a high-speed train (HST) – faces a variety of new challenges due to the continuously increasing train speeds. The HST traction system receives power via an electrical contact between the pantograph strip and the high-voltage contact wire. This electrical contact is subject to serious mechanical shocks and significant electrochemical corrosion, making the modelling of the dynamic processes complicated, especially under high-speed and heavy-load conditions. The damage to the PCS – which is particularly noticeable at the edges of the pantograph strip – may become severe as the speed of the train rises. Moreover, as the speed increases, the distribution of the electrical current in the strip becomes uneven due to the velocity skin effect (VSE). To assess the impact of the VSE on the performance of PCSs, a multi-physics model has been created and is reported in this study. The model has been validated through experiments and the main aspects of its functionality – such as the VSE, friction, and air convection – have been identified and analysed at different speeds. The impact of speed on the traction current and the behaviour of thermal sources have been explored. With the increasing speed, the phenomenon of current clustering at the trailing edge of the strip becomes quite dramatic, resulting in a thermal surge in the region of the strip with high current density. To mitigate the negative impact caused by VSE in the PCSs, an improved kriging optimisation methodology has been utilised to optimise the parameters of the PCS. Recommendations regarding the optimal design of the PCS are put forward to improve the current-carrying performance and reduce the local temperature rise in the strip.

受电弓—类别系统（PCS）–提供高速列车（HST）的重要组成部分–由于列车速度不断提高，因此面临着各种新挑战。HST牵引系统通过受电弓带和高压接触线之间的电接触来接收电力。这种电接触会受到严重的机械冲击和明显的电化学腐蚀，使动态过程的建模变得复杂，尤其是在高速和重载条件下。随着火车速度的提高，PCS的损坏（在集电弓条的边缘尤为明显）可能会变得更加严重。此外，随着速度的增加，由于速度趋肤效应（VSE），带材中的电流分布变得不均匀。为了评估VSE对PCS性能的影响，已创建了一个多物理场模型，并在此研究中进行了报道。该模型已通过实验验证，其功能的主要方面（例如VSE，摩擦和空气对流）已被识别并以不同的速度进行了分析。已经研究了速度对牵引电流和热源行为的影响。随着速度的增加，在带材的后缘处的电流聚集现象变得非常显着，从而在具有高电流密度的带材区域中引起热浪涌。为了减轻PCS中VSE造成的负面影响，已使用改进的克里格优化方法来优化PCS的参数。