We model the kinematic rupture process of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake using numerical simulations to reproduce the elastodynamic wave field observed by inertial seismometers, high‐rate Global Navigation Satellite System stations, and borehole strainmeters. This was the largest earthquake in Southern California in 20 yr and was widely felt throughout the region. The Mw 7.1 mainshock was part of a large sequence of ∼30,000 aftershocks and was notably preceded by an Mw 6.4 foreshock by 34 hr on fault structures that were once poorly understood. A large number of seismic and geodetic instruments measured the rupture process for both events, with many stations located in the near field. Hence, this is a rare opportunity to better understand complex earthquake processes that arise in an immature fault zone using advanced computing. Of the kinematic rupture models that we tested, our preferred is the simplest one that reproduces signals recorded by the three different geophysical datasets; it is composed of four distinct ruptures that progressively migrate to the southeast with delayed initiation times, and typical rupture speeds. This type of model does a better job at matching the recorded ground motions and deformations than does one composed of a continuous rupture with very low‐rupture velocity, as proposed in other studies of this earthquake.

中文翻译：

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2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest，加利福尼亚，地震的运动破裂和3D波传播模拟

我们使用数值模拟方法对2019年加利福尼亚州里奇克莱斯特7.1级地震的运动破裂过程进行建模，以再现由惯性地震仪，高速率全球导航卫星系统站和井眼应变仪观测到的弹性波场。这是20年来南加州最大的地震，整个地区普遍感受到。Mw 7.1主震是大约30,000次余震的大序列的一部分，尤其是在Mw 6.4前震之前34 hr的断层结构上，这是一个鲜为人知的构造。大量地震和大地测量仪器测量了这两个事件的破裂过程，其中许多台站位于近场。因此，这是难得的机会，可以使用高级计算更好地了解在未成熟断层带中发生的复杂地震过程。在我们测试的运动破裂模型中，我们首选的是最简单的模型，它可以再现由三个不同的地球物理数据集记录的信号。它由四个不同的破裂组成，这些破裂以缓慢的开始时间和典型的破裂速度逐渐向东南迁移。这种类型的模型在匹配记录的地面运动和变形方面做得比在其他地震研究中提出的那样，要好于由破裂速度非常低的连续破裂组成的模型。