Abstract. The resolution of an imaging system can be quantified using the modulation transfer function (MTF) derived from an image with an edge feature. For Earth-viewing satellites, imaging an appropriate terrestrial edge feature is difficult when optical blur from the atmosphere contaminates the MTF. With a sharp edge and no atmosphere, our Moon has provided researchers with an alternative by deriving the line spread function from the lunar edge. The Moon’s surface, however, has features, e.g., craters and seas, that depart from clean step-like behavior, making curve fitting to the data difficult and diminishing the effectiveness of the method. We demonstrate an improvement in which a reflectance (albedo) map of the Moon, created from a mosaic of the U.S. Department of Defense/NASA Clementine images, is used to flatten the surface features before the edge spread function is measured. The objective is to improve the reliability of MTF measurements for on-orbit calibration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NASA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) weather satellites and similar missions. The technique is applied to the reflective bands of the Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-16 and GOES-17 weather monitoring satellites.

中文翻译：

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使用反照率平坦化改进在轨调制传递函数校准的月球边缘响应函数

摘要。可以使用从具有边缘特征的图像导出的调制传递函数 (MTF) 来量化成像系统的分辨率。对于地球观测卫星，当来自大气的光学模糊污染 MTF 时，很难对适当的地面边缘特征进行成像。由于边缘锋利且没有大气，我们的月球通过从月球边缘推导出线扩展函数为研究人员提供了另一种选择。然而，月球表面具有一些特征，例如陨石坑和海洋，这些特征与干净的阶梯状行为背道而驰，使得曲线拟合数据变得困难并降低了该方法的有效性。我们展示了一项改进，其中月球的反射率（反照率）图由美国国防部/美国宇航局克莱门汀图像的马赛克创建，用于在测量边缘扩散函数之前展平表面特征。目标是提高 MTF 测量的可靠性，用于国家海洋和大气管理局/美国宇航局地球静止运行环境卫星 (GOES) 气象卫星和类似任务的在轨校准。该技术应用于 GOES-16 和 GOES-17 气象监测卫星上的高级基线成像仪的反射带。