Over exploitation of natural resources and human activities are relentlessly fueling the emission of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Accordingly, continuous efforts are required to find solutions to address the issue of excessive CO₂ emission and its potential effects on climate change. It is imperative that the world looks towards a portfolio of carbon mitigation solutions, rather than a single strategy. In this regard, the use of CO₂ as a C1 source is an attractive strategy as CO₂ has the potential to be a great asset for the industrial sector and consumers across the globe. In particular, the reduction of CO₂ offers an alternative to fossil fuels for various organic industrial feedstocks and fuels. Consequently, efficient and scalable approaches for the reduction of CO₂ to products such as methane and methanol can generate value from its emissions. Accordingly, in recent years, metal-free catalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach because of the mild reaction conditions by which CO₂ can be reduced to various value-added products. The metal-free catalytic reduction of CO₂ offers the development of chemical processes with low cost, earth-abundant, non-toxic reagents, and low carbon-footprint. Thus, this perspective aims to present the developments in both the reduction and reductive functionalization chemistry of CO₂ during the last decade using various metal-free catalysts.

中文翻译：

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从二氧化碳活化到催化还原：无金属方法

对自然资源和人类活动的过度开采无情地助长了大气中CO ₂的排放。因此，需要不断的努力来寻找解决方案，以解决过量的CO ₂排放及其对气候变化的潜在影响的问题。当务之急是，全世界都在寻求碳减排解决方案的组合，而不是单一的战略。在这方面，将CO ₂用作C1源是一种有吸引力的策略，因为CO ₂可能成为全球工业部门和全球消费者的重要资产。特别是减少CO ₂为各种有机工业原料和燃料提供了化石燃料的替代品。因此，用于将CO ₂还原为甲烷和甲醇等产品的有效且可扩展的方法可以从其排放中产生价值。因此，近年来，由于温和的反应条件可以将CO ₂还原为各种增值产品，因此无金属催化已成为一种可持续的方法。CO ₂的无金属催化还原为化学方法的开发提供了低成本，富含地球的无毒试剂和低碳足迹。因此，该观点旨在介绍CO ₂的还原和还原功能化化学的发展。 在过去十年中使用了各种无金属催化剂。