OBJECTIVE The role of sauna bathing in cardiovascular function treatment has been increasingly explored, but insufficient attention has been paid to its efficacy. We performed a meta-analysis to provide more evidence for the efficacy of sauna treatment in cardiovascular nursing. METHODS Sixteen peer-reviewed journal articles were screened to summarize the efficacy of the sauna on cardiovascular function. Both acute (0-30 min after the sauna) and short-term (2-4 weeks following the sauna treatment) efficacies were investigated. RESULTS For pooled acute efficacy, body temperature and heart rate significantly (p<0.001) grew by 0.94℃ and 17.86 beats/min, respectively; reductions of 5.55 mmHg (p<0.001) and 6.50 mmHg (p<0.001) were also observed in systolic blood pressure and diastole blood pressure, respectively. For combined short-term efficacy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walk distance, and flow-mediated dilation (p<0.001) increased by 3.27%, 48.11 m, and 1.71%, respectively; greater amelioration in LVEF was observed in participants with lower LVEF. The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association class III and IV decreased by 10.9% and 12.2%, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, brain natriuretic peptide concentration, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, cardiothoracic ratio, and left atrial dimension reduced by 5.26 mmHg (p<0.001), 4.14 mmHg (p<0.001), 116.66 pg/mL (p<0.001), 2.79 mm (p<0.001), 2.628% (p<0.05), and 1.88 mm (p<0.05), respectively, while the concentration of norepinephrine in the plasma remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Sauna treatment was found to play a positive role in improving cardiovascular function and physical activity levels, especially in patients with low cardiovascular function. These findings reveal that thermal intervention may be a promising means for cardiovascular nursing.

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桑拿治疗对心血管功能的急性和短期疗效：荟萃分析

目的桑拿浴在心血管功能治疗中的作用被越来越多地探索，但对其疗效关注不足。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，为桑拿治疗在心血管护理中的功效提供更多证据。方法 筛选了 16 篇同行评议的期刊文章，总结桑拿对心血管功能的疗效。研究了急性（桑拿后 0-30 分钟）和短期（桑拿治疗后 2-4 周）的功效。结果综合急性疗效，体温和心率显着（p<0.001）分别增加0.94℃和17.86次/分；收缩压和舒张压也分别降低了 5.55 mmHg (p<0.001) 和 6.50 mmHg (p<0.001)。对于综合短期疗效，左心室射血分数 (LVEF)、6 分钟步行距离和流量介导的扩张 (p<0.001) 分别增加了 3.27%、48.11 m 和 1.71%；在 LVEF 较低的参与者中观察到 LVEF 有更大的改善。纽约心脏协会 III 级和 IV 级患者的比例分别下降了 10.9% 和 12.2%。收缩压、舒张压、脑利钠肽浓度、左心室舒张末期尺寸、心胸比和左心房尺寸减少 5.26 mmHg (p<0.001)、4.14 mmHg (p<0.001)、116.66 pg/mL ( p<0.001)、2.79 mm (p<0.001)、2.628% (p<0.05) 和 1.88 mm (p<0.05)，而血浆中去甲肾上腺素的浓度保持不变。结论 桑拿治疗对改善心血管功能和体力活动水平有积极作用，尤其是对心血管功能低下的患者。这些发现表明，热干预可能是心血管护理的一种有前途的手段。