Nanoparticle metal oxides are emerging as a new class of important materials in medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. In this context, free zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly shown with broad antimicrobial activities. However, biological properties of immobilized ZnO NPs on matrixes like nanofibrous membranes are still limited. In this study, in situ synthesized ZnO NPs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning with different zinc acetate concentrations. Characterization results indicated that, with 5 mM zinc acetate, uniform size ZnO NPs (~40 nm) were formed and evenly distributed on the membrane surface. The surfaces became more hydrophobic with higher concentration of zinc acetate. ZnO NPs/PVA nanofibrous membranes showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and cell adhesion inhibiting effects against four microorganisms including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, fungi Candida albicans, and spores of Aspergillus niger. Our data revealed that the major antimicrobial mechanism could be attributed to cell membrane damage and cellular internalization of ZnO NPs, while the hydrophobic surface of the membrane primarily contributed to the cell adhesion inhibition. This study suggests that ZnO NPs/PVA nanofibrous membranes could potentially be used as an effective antimicrobial agent to maintain agricultural and food safety.

中文翻译：

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原位合成氧化锌纳米颗粒/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的抗菌功效和细胞粘附抑制

纳米颗粒金属氧化物正在成为医疗、农业和工业应用中的一类新型重要材料。在这种情况下，游离氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米粒子 (NPs) 越来越多地显示出具有广泛的抗菌活性。然而，固定在纳米纤维膜等基质上的 ZnO NPs 的生物学特性仍然有限。在这项研究中，原位合成的 ZnO NPs/聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 纳米纤维膜是通过使用不同浓度的醋酸锌进行静电纺丝制备的。表征结果表明，使用 5 mM 醋酸锌，形成均匀尺寸的 ZnO NPs（~40 nm）并均匀分布在膜表面。随着醋酸锌浓度的增加，表面变得更加疏水。ZnO NPs/PVA 纳米纤维膜对四种微生物显示出广谱的抗菌活性和细胞粘附抑制作用，包括革兰氏阳性葡萄球菌、革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌、真菌白色念珠菌和黑曲霉孢子。我们的数据显示，主要的抗菌机制可归因于细胞膜损伤和 ZnO NPs 的细胞内化，而膜的疏水表面主要有助于抑制细胞粘附。这项研究表明，ZnO NPs/PVA 纳米纤维膜有可能作为一种有效的抗菌剂来维持农业和食品安全。和黑曲霉的孢子。我们的数据显示，主要的抗菌机制可归因于细胞膜损伤和 ZnO NPs 的细胞内化，而膜的疏水表面主要有助于抑制细胞粘附。这项研究表明，ZnO NPs/PVA 纳米纤维膜有可能作为一种有效的抗菌剂来维持农业和食品安全。和黑曲霉的孢子。我们的数据显示，主要的抗菌机制可归因于细胞膜损伤和 ZnO NPs 的细胞内化，而膜的疏水表面主要有助于抑制细胞粘附。这项研究表明，ZnO NPs/PVA 纳米纤维膜有可能作为一种有效的抗菌剂来维持农业和食品安全。