The ultra-relativistic heavy-ion programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider have evolved into a phase of quantitative studies of Quantum Chromodynamics at very high temperatures. The charm and bottom hadron production offer unique insights into the remarkable transport properties and the microscopic structure of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in these collisions. Heavy quarks, due to their large masses, undergo Brownian motion at low momentum, provide a window on hadronization mechanisms at intermediate momenta, and are expected to merge into a radiative-energy loss regime at high momentum. We review recent experimental and theoretical achievements on measuring a variety of heavy-flavor observables, characterizing the different regimes in momentum, extracting pertinent transport coefficients and deducing implications for the "inner workings" of the QGP medium.

中文翻译：

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在重离子碰撞中开放重味生产

相对论重离子对撞机和大型强子对撞机的超相对论重离子计划已经发展到非常高温度下量子色动力学的定量研究阶段。魅力和底部强子的产生为了解这些碰撞中产生的夸克-胶子等离子体 (QGP) 的卓越传输特性和微观结构提供了独特的见解。重夸克由于质量大，在低动量下进行布朗运动，在中间动量下为强子化机制提供了一个窗口，并有望在高动量下合并到辐射能量损失状态。我们回顾了最近在测量各种重口味可观测值方面的实验和理论成果，描述了不同的动量状态，