The mesosphere is one of the most difficult parts of the atmosphere to sample; it is too high for balloon measurements and too low for in situ satellites. Consequently, there is a reliance on remote sensing (either from the ground or from space) to diagnose this region. Ground-based radars have been used since the second half of the 20th century to probe the dynamics of the mesosphere; medium-frequency (MF) radars provide estimates of the horizontal wind fields and are still used to analyse tidal structures and planetary waves that modulate the meridional and zonal winds. The variance of the winds has traditionally been linked qualitatively to the occurrence of gravity waves. In this paper, the method of wind retrieval (full correlation analysis) employed by MF radars is considered with reference to two systems in Antarctica at different latitude (Halley at 76^∘ S and Rothera at 67^∘ S). It is shown that the width of the velocity distribution and occurrence of “outliers” is related to the measured levels of anisotropy in the received signal pattern. The magnitude of the error distribution, as represented by the wind variance, varies with both insolation levels and geomagnetic activity. Thus, it is demonstrated that for these two radars the influence of gravity waves may not be the primary mechanism that controls the overall variance.

中文翻译：

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用中频雷达测量的中层风具有全相关性分析：误差性质及其对风方差研究的影响

中层是大气中最难采样的部分之一。对于气球测量，它太高了；对于现场卫星测量，它太低了。因此，依靠遥感（从地面或从太空）来诊断该区域。自20世纪下半叶以来，一直使用地面雷达来探测中层层流的动力学。中频（MF）雷达提供了水平风场的估计值，但仍用于分析潮汐结构和行星波，这些潮汐结构和行星波调制了子午风和纬向风。传统上，风的变化在质量上与重力波的发生有关。在本文中，^{一种？？？？}Â???? S和路德在67 ^â???? 如）。结果表明，速度分布的宽度与“异常值”的发生有关。与接收信号模式中测得的各向异性水平有关。以风的方差表示的误差分布的大小随日照水平和地磁活动而变化。因此，证明了对于这两个雷达，重力波的影响可能不是控制总体方差的主要机制。