Changes in precipitation have a great influence on human beings. The study of precipitation can aid in understanding regional climate change characteristics and the hydrological cycle. Therefore, in this study, the standardized precipitation index is combined with a simple linear regression test, Mann–Kendall trend analysis, Sen's slope method, principal component analysis and partial correlation analysis to study precipitation and drought distributions in the Songhua River Basin and the causes of precipitation changes in this area. The results are as follows: (1) The average annual precipitation change in this area is not significant, but there are significant differences in seasonal precipitation changes. (2) On a long-term time scale, this area presents a wet trend from southeast to northwest. On a short-term time scale, spring and winter show a wet trend. Winter has changed significantly. Summer and autumn show a dry trend. (3) The average annual and rainy season (RS) precipitation shows step change characteristics. Precipitation change in RS is the main reason for annual precipitation change. (4) The Asian meridional circulation/zonal index have significant effects on precipitation and dry/wet changes in this area. The western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian summer monsoon are also important factors in this area.

降水的变化对人类有很大的影响。对降水的研究可以帮助理解区域气候变化特征和水文循环。因此，在这项研究中，将标准化降水指数与简单的线性回归测试，Mann-Kendall趋势分析，Sen's坡度法，主成分分析和偏相关分析相结合，以研究松花江流域的降水和干旱分布及其成因降水变化在这个地区。研究结果如下：（1）该地区年平均降水量变化不明显，但季节性降水变化存在显着差异。（2）从长期来看，该地区从东南到西北呈湿润趋势。在短期内，春季和冬季呈潮湿趋势。冬季已经发生了很大变化。夏季和秋季显示干燥趋势。（3）年均和雨季（RS）降水表现出阶跃变化特征。RS的降水变化是每年降水变化的主要原因。（4）亚洲子午环流/纬向指数对该地区的降水和干/湿变化具有显着影响。西太平洋副热带高压和东亚夏季风也是该地区的重要因素。（4）亚洲子午环流/纬向指数对该地区的降水和干/湿变化具有显着影响。西太平洋副热带高压和东亚夏季风也是该地区的重要因素。（4）亚洲子午环流/纬向指数对该地区的降水和干/湿变化具有显着影响。西太平洋副热带高压和东亚夏季风也是该地区的重要因素。