As host to several world-class sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits and unknown quantities of conventional and unconventional gas, the variably inverted 1730–1640 Ma Calvert and 1640–1575 Ma Isa superbasins of northern Australia have been the subject of numerous seismic reflection studies with a view to better understanding basin architecture and fluid migration pathways. These studies reveal a structural architecture common to inverted sedimentary basins the world over, including much younger examples known to be prospective for oil and gas in the North Sea and elsewhere, with which they might be usefully compared. Such comparisons lend themselves to suggestions that the mineral and petroleum systems in Paleo–Mesoproterozoic northern Australia may have spatially, if not temporally overlapped and shared a common tectonic driver, consistent with the observation that basinal sequences hosting Pb–Zn mineralization in northern Australia are bituminous or abnormally enriched in hydrocarbons. Sediment-hosted Pb–Zn mineralization coeval with basin inversion first occurred during the 1650–1640 Ma Riversleigh Tectonic Event towards the close of the Calvert Superbasin with further pulses taking place during and subsequent to the onset of the 1620–1580 Ma Isa Orogeny and final closure of the Isa Superbasin. Mineralization is typically hosted by the post-rift or syn-inversion fraction of basin fill, contrary to existing interpretations of Pb–Zn ore genesis where the ore-forming fluids are introduced during the rifting or syn-extensional phase of basin development. Mineralizing fluids were instead expelled upwards during times of crustal shortening into structural and/or chemical traps developing in the hangingwalls of inverted normal faults. Inverted normal faults predominantly strike NNW and ENE, giving rise to a complex architecture of compartmentalized sub-basins whose individual uplifted basement blocks and doubly plunging periclinal folds exerted a strong control not only on the distribution and preservation of potential trap rocks but the direction of fluid flow, culminating in the co-location and trapping of mineralizing and hydrocarbon fluids in the same carbonaceous rocks. An important case study is the 1575 Ma Century Pb–Zn deposit where the carbonaceous host rocks served as both a reductant and basin seal during the influx of more oxidized mineralizing fluids, forcing the latter to give up their Pb and Zn metal. A transpressive tectonic regime in which basin inversion and mineralization were paired to folding, uplift, and erosion during arc–continent or continent–continent collision, and accompanied by orogen-parallel extensional collapse and strike-slip faulting best accounts for the observed relationships.

中文翻译：

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盆地反演和结构构造作为对北澳大利亚中古生界沉积序列中的流体流动和Pbâ？Zn矿化的限制

作为几个世界级沉积物托管的PbâZn矿床以及未知数量的常规和非常规气体的宿主，可变倒置的1730â€？1640â€？Ma Calvert和1640â€？1575â€澳大利亚北部的马伊萨（Ma Isa）超级盆地已成为众多地震反射研究的主题，目的是更好地了解盆地构造和流体运移路径。这些研究揭示了全世界倒置沉积盆地共有的结构构造，其中包括许多年轻的例子，这些例子在北海和其他地方对石油和天然气有潜在的前景，可以与之进行比较。这样的比较提出了这样的建议，即北澳大利亚中古生界的矿物和石油系统可能在空间上（如果在时间上没有重叠）并具有共同的构造驱动力，与观察结果一致的是，在澳大利亚北部托管Pbâ？Zn矿化的盆地序列是沥青质的或异常富集的碳氢化合物。沉积物沉积的铅铅锌矿成矿期与盆地倒转首次发生于1650年-1640年-Ma Riversleigh构造事件，向卡尔弗特超级盆地的关闭，在爆发期间和之后都发生了进一步的脉动1620年– 1580年–马伊萨造山运动和伊萨超级盆地的最终关闭。矿化作用通常由盆地充填的裂谷后或同生反演部分所主导，这与对铅锌矿成因的现有解释相反，即在盆地发育的裂谷或同扩展阶段引入成矿流体。 。取而代之的是，在地壳缩短时，矿化流体被向上驱逐，进入构造和/或化学圈闭，而这些圈闭正好发育在倒转的正常断层的垂向上。倒转的正断层主要侵袭NNW和ENE，从而形成了复杂的分格盆地结构，其单个隆起的基底块和双重下陷的周缘褶皱不仅对潜在圈闭岩的分布和保存，而且对流体的方向都具有强大的控制作用。流动，最终导致同一碳质岩石中矿化流体和碳氢化合物流体的共置和捕集。一个重要的案例研究是1575â€？Ma CenturyPbâ€？锌矿床，在此过程中，碳质宿主岩在氧化性更强的矿化流体涌入的过程中既充当了还原剂又起到了盆地封闭的作用，迫使后者放弃其Pb和Zn金属。一种超压构造构造，其中盆地反转和矿化与弧形（大陆或大陆）大陆碰撞期间的折叠，隆升和侵蚀成对，并伴有造山带平行的伸展塌陷和走滑断层断层的最佳解释对于观察到的关系。