Centennial- and millennial-scale variability of Southern Ocean temperature over the Holocene is poorly known, due to both short instrumental records and sparsely distributed high-resolution temperature reconstructions, with evidence for past temperature variations in the region coming mainly from ice core records. Here we present a high-resolution (∼60 year), diatom-based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean that spans the interval 14.2 to 1.0 ka (calibrated kiloyears before present). During the late deglaciation, the new SST record shows cool temperatures at 14.2–12.9 ka and gradual warming between 12.9 and 11.6 ka in phase with atmospheric temperature evolution. This supports the evolution of the Southern Ocean SST during the deglaciation being linked with a complex combination of processes and drivers associated with reorganisations of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Specifically, we suggest that Southern Ocean surface warming coincided, within the dating uncertainties, with the reconstructed slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), rising atmospheric CO₂ levels, changes in the southern westerly winds and enhanced upwelling. During the Holocene the record shows warm and stable temperatures from 11.6 to 8.7 ka followed by a slight cooling and greater variability from 8.7 to 1 ka, with a quasi-periodic variability of 200–260 years identified by spectral analysis. We suggest that the increased variability during the mid- to late Holocene reflects the establishment of centennial variability in SST connected with changes in the high-latitude atmospheric circulation and Southern Ocean convection.

中文翻译：

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晚冰河和全新世南印度洋海域的海表温度

由于短的仪器记录和稀疏分布的高分辨率温度重建，全新世以来南大洋温度的百年和千年尺度变化鲜为人知，该地区过去温度变化的证据主要来自冰芯记录。在这里，我们提出了一个高分辨率（¼60年），从硅藻南部海域西部印度洋地区重建的海面温度（SST）重建，跨度为14.2至1.0？ka（经过校准的千年之前）。在晚冰期期间，新的SST记录显示凉爽的温度为14.2-12.9ka，并且逐渐变暖在12.9和11.6ka之间，与大气温度变化同步。这支持了在冰消期间南大洋海温的演变，这与大气和海洋环流模式的重组相关的过程和驱动器的复杂组合有关。具体而言，我们建议在测年不确定性范围内，南洋表面变暖与大西洋子午翻转循环（AMOC）的重建减慢，大气CO升高同时发生。₂级，南部的西风和变化的上升流。在全新世期间，记录显示温度从11.6升高到8.7ka，随后稳定并稍有冷却，从8.7到1ka有了较大的变化，准周期的变化为200℃。通过光谱分析确定了260年。我们认为，全新世中期到后期的变率增加反映了与高纬度大气环流和南洋对流变化有关的海表温度百年变率的建立。