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Dynamical and hydrological changes in climate simulations of the last millennium
Climate of the Past ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 , DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1285-2020
Pedro José Roldán-Gómez , Jesús Fidel González-Rouco , Camilo Melo-Aguilar , Jason E. Smerdon

Simulations of climate of the last millennium (LM) show that external forcing had a major contribution to the evolution of temperatures; warmer and colder periods like the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ca. 950–1250 CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1450–1850 CE) were critically influenced by changes in solar and volcanic activity. Even if this influence is mainly observed in terms of temperatures, evidence from simulations and reconstructions shows that other variables related to atmospheric dynamics and hydroclimate were also influenced by external forcing over some regions. In this work, simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP5/PMIP3) are analyzed to explore the influence of external forcings on the dynamical and hydrological changes during the LM at different spatial and temporal scales. Principal component (PC) analysis is used to obtain the modes of variability governing the global evolution of climate and to assess their correlation with the total external forcing at multidecadal to multicentennial timescales. For shorter timescales, a composite analysis is used to address the response to specific events of external forcing like volcanic eruptions. The results show coordinated long-term changes in global circulation patterns, which suggest expansions and contractions of the Hadley cells and latitudinal displacements of westerlies in response to external forcing. For hydroclimate, spatial patterns of drier and wetter conditions in areas influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Northern Annular Mode (NAM), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and alterations in the intensity and distribution of monsoons and convergence zones are consistently found. Similarly, a clear short-term response is found in the years following volcanic eruptions. Although external forcing has a greater influence on temperatures, the results suggest that dynamical and hydrological variations over the LM exhibit a direct response to external forcing at both long and short timescales that is highly dependent on the particular simulation and model.

中文翻译:

近千年来气候模拟中的动态和水文变化

上个千年(LM)的气候模拟表明,外部强迫对温度的演变起了主要作用。像中世纪气候异常(MCA;大约950â€1250?CE)和小冰河世纪(LIA;大约1450â€1850?CE)这样的较冷和较冷的时期至关重要受太阳和火山活动变化的影响。即使主要在温度方面观察到这种影响,模拟和重建的证据也表明,与大气动力学和水文气候有关的其他变量也受到某些区域外部强迫的影响。在这项工作中 对耦合模型比较项目第5阶段和古气候建模比较项目第3阶段(CMIP5 / PMIP3)的模拟进行了分析,以探索在不同时空尺度上LM期间外部强迫对动力和水文变化的影响。主成分(PC)分析用于获得控制全球气候演变的变异性模式,并评估其与数十年到百年尺度下总外强迫的相关性。对于较短的时间尺度,可以使用综合分析来解决对外部强迫(如火山爆发)的特定事件的响应。结果表明,全球流通格局长期协调变化,这表明Hadley细胞的膨胀和收缩以及西风的纬向位移响应外部强迫。对于水气候,受北大西洋涛动(NAO),北环空模式(NAM)和南环空模式(SAM)影响的区域的干湿环境的空间格局始终一致,季风和收敛带的强度和分布也发生了变化找到了。同样,在火山喷发后的几年中,人们发现了明确的短期应对措施。尽管外部强迫对温度的影响更大,但结果表明,LM上的动力和水文变化在长短时间尺度上都表现出对外部强迫的直接响应,这在很大程度上取决于特定的仿真和模型。在北大西洋涛动(NAO),北环空模式(NAM)和南环空模式(SAM)影响的区域中,一贯发现干燥和湿润条件的空间格局,以及季风和辐合带强度和分布的变化。同样,在火山喷发后的几年中,人们发现了明确的短期应对措施。尽管外部强迫对温度的影响更大,但结果表明,LM上的动力和水文变化在长短时间尺度上都表现出对外部强迫的直接响应,这在很大程度上取决于特定的仿真和模型。在北大西洋涛动(NAO),北环空模式(NAM)和南环空模式(SAM)影响的区域中,一贯发现干燥和湿润条件的空间格局,以及季风和辐合带强度和分布的变化。同样,在火山喷发后的几年中,人们发现了明确的短期应对措施。尽管外部强迫对温度的影响更大,但结果表明,LM上的动力和水文变化在长短时间尺度上都表现出对外部强迫的直接响应,这在很大程度上取决于特定的仿真和模型。持续发现南半球环状模态(SAM)和季风和辐合带强度和分布的变化。同样,在火山喷发后的几年中,人们发现了明确的短期应对措施。尽管外部强迫对温度的影响更大,但结果表明,LM上的动力和水文变化在长短时间尺度上都表现出对外部强迫的直接响应,这在很大程度上取决于特定的仿真和模型。持续发现南半球环状模态(SAM)和季风和辐合带强度和分布的变化。同样,在火山喷发后的几年中,人们发现了明确的短期应对措施。尽管外部强迫对温度的影响更大,但结果表明,LM上的动力和水文变化在长短时间尺度上都表现出对外部强迫的直接响应,这在很大程度上取决于特定的仿真和模型。
更新日期:2020-08-20
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