Editor: Leonida Fusani Abstract Vocal signals mediate social relationships, and among networks of territorial animals, information is often shared via broadcast vocalizations. Anthropogenic noise may disrupt communication among individuals within networks, as animals change the way they vocalize in noise. Furthermore, constraints on signal transmission, including frequency masking and distance, may affect information exchange following a disruption in social networks. We tested the hypothesis that signaling interactions within networks of breeding male and female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) depend on distance, ambient noise, and receiver nesting stage. We used playback experiments to simulate territorial intrusions with and without noise playbacks on the territories of established males and simultaneously recorded the vocal responses of neighbors. To examine whether intrusions impacted interactions between males, we used randomization tests to determine whether treatment, distance, noise, or nesting stage affected vocal coordination between challenged and neighboring males. We also quantified singing patterns to explore whether intrusions on territories of challenged males affected singing by males and females on neighboring territories. Males sang at the lowest rates and were less likely to overlap songs with the challenged male when their partner was laying, compared to males during early and late nesting stages. Noise and distance did not affect vocal coordination or male singing rates. Fewer females sang during the intruder-only treatment compared to the control and intrusions with noise. Added noise in the territories of challenged males may have masked signals, and as a result, females only changed their behavior during the intruder-only treatment. Our results suggest that the fertility of breeding partners may be more important to males than short-term changes on rival male territories. Elevated noise did little to alter male responses to threats within networks. Females appeared to eavesdrop on interactions involving neighboring males, but noise may have prevented detection of their interactions.

中文翻译：

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人为噪声影响雌性，而不是雄性鹪鹩对信号网络变化的反应

编辑：Leonida Fusani 摘要 声音信号调节社会关系，在领地动物网络之间，信息通常通过广播发声进行共享。人为噪音可能会扰乱网络内个人之间的交流，因为动物会改变它们在噪音中发声的方式。此外，信号传输的限制，包括频率掩蔽和距离，可能会影响社交网络中断后的信息交换。我们测试了以下假设：繁殖雄性和雌性鹪鹩 (Troglodytes aedon) 网络内的信号相互作用取决于距离、环境噪声和接收器筑巢阶段。我们使用回放实验来模拟在已建立的雄性的领土上有和没有噪声回放的领土入侵，并同时记录邻居的声音反应。为了检查入侵是否影响雄性之间的互动，我们使用随机化测试来确定治疗、距离、噪音或筑巢阶段是否影响受挑战和相邻雄性之间的声音协调。我们还量化了歌唱模式，以探索对受挑战男性领土的入侵是否会影响邻近领土上的男性和女性的歌唱。与早期和晚期筑巢阶段的雄性相比，雄性以最低的频率唱歌，并且在伴侣下蛋时与受挑战的雄性重叠歌曲的可能性较小。噪音和距离不影响声音协调或男性歌唱率。与对照组和有噪音的入侵相比，在仅入侵者治疗期间唱歌的雌性较少。在受到挑战的雄性领土上增加的噪音可能掩盖了信号，因此，雌性只在入侵者治疗期间改变了它们的行为。我们的结果表明，繁殖伙伴的生育能力对雄性而言可能比竞争性雄性领地的短期变化更重要。升高的噪音几乎没有改变男性对网络内威胁的反应。雌性似乎在窃听与相邻雄性之间的互动，但噪音可能会阻止检测到它们的互动。女性只在入侵者治疗期间改变了她们的行为。我们的研究结果表明，繁殖伙伴的生育能力对雄性而言可能比竞争性雄性领地的短期变化更重要。升高的噪音几乎没有改变男性对网络内威胁的反应。雌性似乎在窃听与相邻雄性之间的互动，但噪音可能会阻止检测到它们的互动。女性只在入侵者治疗期间改变了她们的行为。我们的结果表明，繁殖伙伴的生育能力对雄性而言可能比竞争性雄性领地的短期变化更重要。升高的噪音几乎没有改变男性对网络内威胁的反应。雌性似乎在窃听与相邻雄性之间的互动，但噪音可能会阻止检测到它们的互动。