The temporal description of the embryonic development in ectothermic animals and the speed of development depends on environmental temperature. The concept of thermal time helps in solving this problem by making it possible to define a linear model of development linking developmental rate and temperature. The model has been scarcely applied to cephalopods in spite of being useful for programming embryonic development and hatching events. The potential application of the linear model of development would have particular interest in the case of emerging species for aquaculture such as Octopus vulgaris or Sepia officinalis. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to review the effect of temperature on the rate of embryonic development in cephalopods in relation to the linear model of development and to discuss its potential applications and limitations to cephalopod aquaculture. As a result, a good fitting of the model has been proven not only for the total time of development, but also for the time of the organogenesis phase, in nine species of cephalopods. Usually, threshold temperatures for different developmental phases, pre‐organogenesis, organogenesis and growth, are the same. In addition, the potential use of anisothermic protocols for egg incubation, as well as the problems connected with the asynchronicity of egg laying within a single spawning are also discussed. In consequence, the linear model of development seems to be useful for basic and applied research on cephalopod embryonic development and particularly for the advancement of cephalopod aquaculture.

中文翻译：

---

从热时间上看水温对头足类胚胎发育速率的影响

放热动物胚胎发育的时间描述和发育速度取决于环境温度。热时间的概念有助于通过定义将发育速度和温度联系在一起的线性发展模型来解决此问题。尽管该模型可用于编程胚胎发育和孵化事件，但几乎没有应用于头足类动物。对于新兴的水产养殖物种，例如章鱼或乌贼墨，线性发展模型的潜在应用将特别令人感兴趣。。因此，这项工作的主要目的是回顾温度对头足类胚胎发育速率与线性发展模型的关系，并讨论其对头足类水产养殖的潜在应用和局限性。结果，不仅在九种头足类动物的整个发育时间，而且在器官发生阶段的时间都证明了该模型的良好拟合。通常，不同发育阶段，器官发生前，器官发生和生长的阈值温度是相同的。此外，还讨论了将等温协议用于卵孵化的潜在用途，以及与在单个产卵中产卵的异步性有关的问题。结果，