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AMPed-up adolescents: The role of age in the abuse of amphetamines and its consequences on cognition and prefrontal cortex development.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173016
Sara R Westbrook 1 , Lauren K Carrica 1 , Asia Banks 1 , Joshua M Gulley 2
Affiliation  

Adolescent use of amphetamine and its closely related, methylated version methamphetamine, is alarmingly high in those who use drugs for nonmedical purposes. This raises serious concerns about the potential for this drug use to have a long-lasting, detrimental impact on the normal development of the brain and behavior that is ongoing during adolescence. In this review, we explore recent findings from both human and laboratory animal studies that investigate the consequences of amphetamine and methamphetamine exposure during this stage of life. We highlight studies that assess sex differences in adolescence, as well as those that are designed specifically to address the potential unique effects of adolescent exposure by including groups at other life stages (typically young adulthood). We consider epidemiological studies on age and sex as vulnerability factors for developing problems with the use of amphetamines, as well as human and animal laboratory studies that tap into age differences in use, its short-term effects on behavior, and the long-lasting consequences of this exposure on cognition. We also focus on studies of drug effects in the prefrontal cortex, which is known to be critically important for cognition and is among the later maturing brain regions. Finally, we discuss important issues that should be addressed in future studies so that the field can further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescent use of amphetamines and its outcomes on the developing brain and behavior.



中文翻译:

AMPed-up 青少年:年龄在苯丙胺滥用中的作用及其对认知和前额叶皮层发育的影响。

青少年对苯丙胺及其密切相关的甲基苯丙胺的使用在非医疗目的的毒品使用者中高得惊人。这引起了人们对这种药物使用可能对大脑的正常发育和青春期正在进行的行为产生长期有害影响的严重担忧。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了人类和实验室动物研究的最新发现,这些研究调查了在这个生命阶段接触苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的后果。我们重点介绍了评估青春期性别差异的研究,以及那些专门设计用于解决青少年暴露的潜在独特影响的研究,这些研究包括其他生命阶段(通常是成年青年)的群体。我们将年龄和性别的流行病学研究视为导致使用苯丙胺出现问题的脆弱因素,以及利用年龄差异、其对行为的短期影响以及长期后果的人类和动物实验室研究这种曝光对认知。我们还专注于研究前额叶皮层的药物作用,众所周知,前额叶皮层对认知至关重要,并且属于较晚成熟的大脑区域。最后,我们讨论了在未来研究中应该解决的重要问题,以便该领域能够进一步了解青少年使用苯丙胺的机制及其对发育中的大脑和行为的影响。以及利用年龄差异、其对行为的短期影响以及这种暴露对认知的长期后果的人类和动物实验室研究。我们还专注于研究前额叶皮层的药物作用,众所周知,前额叶皮层对认知至关重要,并且属于较晚成熟的大脑区域。最后,我们讨论了在未来研究中应该解决的重要问题,以便该领域能够进一步了解青少年使用苯丙胺的机制及其对发育中的大脑和行为的影响。以及利用年龄差异、其对行为的短期影响以及这种暴露对认知的长期后果的人类和动物实验室研究。我们还专注于研究前额叶皮层的药物作用,众所周知,前额叶皮层对认知至关重要,并且属于较晚成熟的大脑区域。最后,我们讨论了在未来研究中应该解决的重要问题,以便该领域能够进一步了解青少年使用苯丙胺的机制及其对发育中的大脑和行为的影响。众所周知,这对认知至关重要,并且是较晚成熟的大脑区域之一。最后,我们讨论了在未来研究中应该解决的重要问题,以便该领域能够进一步了解青少年使用苯丙胺的机制及其对发育中的大脑和行为的影响。众所周知,这对认知至关重要,并且是较晚成熟的大脑区域之一。最后,我们讨论了未来研究中应解决的重要问题,以便该领域能够进一步了解青少年使用苯丙胺的机制及其对发育中的大脑和行为的影响。

更新日期:2020-08-20
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