We determined the effect of consuming low-glycemic index (LGI) skim milk compared to a high-glycemic index (HGI) sports drink following evening exercise on fat oxidation and blood lipids after a subsequent high-energy breakfast. We hypothesized that postexercise skim milk consumption, compared to sports drink, would increase fat oxidation and lower harmful blood lipid and glucose concentrations after a next-day high-energy breakfast. In this randomized counterbalanced crossover trial, 20 overweight-obese participants (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) underwent 4 conditions: 90-minute exercise (50% Vo2peak) followed by sports drink (EX-HGI), exercise followed by isoenergetic skim milk (EX-LGI), exercise followed by water (Exercise), and a control condition (Control). The amount of the sports drink or milk consumed postexercise was based on the energy used during exercise plus 10%. Blood lipids, glucose, and fat oxidation were assessed before and for 6 hours after a high-energy breakfast the next morning. Fat oxidation was highest for EX-LGI (6.7 ± 2.7 g/h) and lowest for EX-HGI (6.0 ± 1.8 g/h) (condition main effect; P = .042). Triglyceride concentration and total area under the curve were higher with EX-HGI than Exercise (1.7 ± 1.6 vs 1.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L, P = .037, and 11.7 ± 9.4 vs 8.6 ± 6.0 mmol L-1 h, P = .005, respectively). Glucose concentration was lower with EX-LGI than EX-HGI (4.1 ± 1.1 vs 4.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, P = .027). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was higher with EX-HGI than Control (2.32 ± 1.15 vs 1.86 ± 0.97, P = .005). In conclusion, evening postexercise skim milk consumption, compared with a high-GI sports drink, significantly reduced blood glucose and possibly increased fat oxidation after a high-energy breakfast the next morning.

中文翻译：

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脱脂牛奶作为运动后的恢复饮料在降低次日餐后血糖和增加餐后脂肪氧化方面优于运动饮料

我们确定了在晚间运动后饮用低升糖指数 (LGI) 脱脂牛奶与高升糖指数 (HGI) 运动饮料对随后高能量早餐后脂肪氧化和血脂的影响。我们假设，与运动饮料相比，运动后饮用脱脂牛奶会增加脂肪氧化并降低第二天高能量早餐后的有害血脂和葡萄糖浓度。在这项随机平衡交叉试验中，20 名超重肥胖参与者（体重指数 ≥ 25 kg/m2）经历了 4 种情况：90 分钟运动（50% Vo2peak）后运动饮料 (EX-HGI)、运动后等能脱脂运动牛奶 (EX-LGI)、运动后喝水 (Exercise) 和控制条件 (Control)。运动后消耗的运动饮料或牛奶的量是基于运动时消耗的能量加上 10%。在第二天早上高能量早餐之前和之后 6 小时内评估血脂、葡萄糖和脂肪氧化。EX-LGI 的脂肪氧化最高 (6.7 ± 2.7 g/h)，EX-HGI 最低 (6.0 ± 1.8 g/h)（条件主效应；P = .042）。EX-HGI 的甘油三酯浓度和曲线下总面积高于运动（1.7 ± 1.6 vs 1.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L，P = .037，11.7 ± 9.4 vs 8.6 ± 6.0 mmol L-1 h，P = . 005）。EX-LGI 的葡萄糖浓度低于 EX-HGI（4.1 ± 1.1 对 4.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L，P = .027）。EX-HGI 胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估高于对照组（2.32 ± 1.15 vs 1.86 ± 0.97，P = .005）。总之，运动后晚上摄入脱脂牛奶，