Metal/nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-N_x/C) materials have shown their good catalytic activity for electrochemical/chemical reactions in energy conversion devices and organics synthesis. However, the preparation of M-N_x/C materials usually involves a high-temperature pyrolysis step, it generates not only active M-N_x sites but also inactive metal-based aggregates that restrict their activity. How to prepare the M-N_x/C materials with high density of M-N_x sites and specific nanostructure remains a challenge. Herein, we report a general method of “self-assembly induced metal ionic polymer” for preparing M-N_x/C precursors, which can not only preferentially generate M-N_x sites by inhibiting metal aggregation during pyrolysis, but also produce advanced nanostructure for catalysis. Taking the preparation of Fe-N_x/C as an example, the self-assembled nanosheets of [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻⋅{[C₆H₄-(NH₃)₂]₂}⁴⁺ compounds are used as prefabricated materials, which effectively induce the formation of metal ionic-polymer nanowires and nanoparticles. They are applied to synthesize the Fe-N_x/C nanowires and nanoparticles with single metal atoms, respectively. The Fe-N_x/C nanowires exhibit the excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity with the half-wave potentials of 0.82 and 0.92 V under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. The proposed strategy can be a general method to prepare the M-N_x/C catalyst precursors with the special morphology and high thermal stability.

金属/氮共掺杂碳（MN _x / C）材料对能量转换装置和有机物合成中的电化学/化学反应显示出良好的催化活性。但是，MN _x / C材料的制备通常涉及高温热解步骤，它不仅会生成活性MN _x位点，还会生成限制其活性的非活性金属基聚集体。如何制备具有高密度MN _x位点和特定纳米结构的MN _x / C材料仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们报道了一种“自组装诱导金属离子聚合物”制备MN _x / C前体的一般方法，该方法不仅可以优先生成MN _x通过抑制热解过程中的金属聚集作用来固定这些位点，但也会产生用于催化的高级纳米结构。以制备Fe-N _x / C为例，使用了[Fe（CN）₆ ] ⁴⁻ ⋅{[[C ₆ H _4-（NH ₃）₂ ] ₂ } ⁴⁺化合物的自组装纳米片作为预制材料，可以有效地诱导金属离子聚合物纳米线和纳米粒子的形成。它们分别用于合成Fe-N _x / C纳米线和具有单个金属原子的纳米粒子。铁氮_x/ C纳米线在酸性和碱性条件下的半波电位分别为0.82和0.92 V，具有出色的氧还原反应活性。提出的策略可能是制备具有特殊形貌和高热稳定性的MN _x / C催化剂前体的通用方法。