This work aims to provide the first study on the mycobiota present in Chilean pepper Capsicum annuum L. cv. “Cacho de Cabra” throughout the early production stages. Two hundred and forty berry fruits were sampled: 1) at the ripe fruits harvest day; 2) during drying; and 3) smoking processes. A total of 192 strains, encompassing 11 genera and 44 species, were identified through analysis of β-tubulin (benA) gene and internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS) region. All collection points showed samples with high fungal contamination, but the mycobiota composition varied as a result of different environmental conditions. Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were predominantly isolated from fresh fruits of C. annuum. Penicillium spp. was the most frequent genus in all analysed points. Penicillium brevicompactum and P. crustosum were the most abundant species. Among Aspergillus, A. niger and A. flavus were dominant after the drying phase. In our study, none of the analysed strains of Penicillium (113) and Aspergillus (35) produced Ochratoxin A at detectable levels. The broad characterization of the fungal community of C. annuum carried out in this study, could be a guideline for future mycotoxin analyses performed directly on the pod. Understanding the role and dynamics of mycobiota and its relationship with the toxins present in this substrate, will be useful to establish and improve control measures considering the specificities of each point in the C. annuum production chain.

这项工作旨在提供对智利辣椒辣椒辣椒中存在的分枝杆菌的首次研究。在整个早期生产阶段都使用“ Cacho de Cabra”。采集了240种浆果：1）在成熟果实收获日；2）在干燥过程中；3）吸烟过程。通过对β-微管蛋白（benA）基因和核糖体DNA（ITS）区域内部转录间隔区的分析，共鉴定出192个菌株，涵盖11个属和44个种。所有收集点均显示样品具有较高的真菌污染，但由于环境条件的不同，分枝杆菌的组成也会发生变化。链格孢属 和镰刀菌属。主要从C. annuum的新鲜水果中分离。青霉属。是所有分析点中最常见的属。短小青霉和克鲁氏假单胞菌是最丰富的物种。在曲霉中，黑曲霉和黄曲霉在干燥阶段之后占优势。在我们的研究中，未分析的青霉菌（113）和曲霉菌（35）菌株均产生可检测水平的O曲霉毒素A。C. annuum真菌群落的广泛表征这项研究中进行的操作，可以作为将来直接在豆荚上进行真菌毒素分析的指南。了解分支杆菌的作用和动态及其与该底物中存在的毒素之间的关系，将有助于建立和改进控制措施，考虑到C.annuum生产链中每个点的特异性。