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Probability pooling for dependent agents in collective learning
Artificial Intelligence ( IF 14.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2020.103371
Jonathan Lawry , Chanelle Lee

Abstract The use of copulas is proposed as a way of modelling dependencies between different agents' probability judgements when carrying out probability pooling. This is combined with an established Bayesian model in which pooling is viewed as a form of updating on the basis of probability values provided by different individuals. Adopting the Frank family of copulas we investigate the effect of different assumed levels of comonotonic dependence between individuals, in the context of a collective learning problem in which a population of agents must reach consensus on which of two mutually exclusive and exhaustive hypotheses is true. In this scenario agents receive evidence from two sources; directly from the environment and also from other agents in the form of probability judgements. They then apply Bayesian updating to the former and probability pooling to the latter. We carry out multi-agent simulation experiments and show that optimal population level performance is obtained under the assumption of some degree of comonotonicity between agents, and consequently show that the standard assumption of agent independence is suboptimal. This is found to be particularly true of scenarios where there is a large amount of noise and very low amounts of direct evidence. Finally, we investigate dynamic environments in which the true state of the world changes and show that identifying the optimal level of agent dependency has an even greater effect on performance than for static environments in which the true state remains constant.

中文翻译:

集体学习中依赖代理的概率池

摘要 在进行概率池化时,使用 copula 来建模不同智能体的概率判断之间的依赖关系。这与已建立的贝叶斯模型相结合,其中池化被视为一种基于不同个体提供的概率值进行更新的形式。在集体学习问题的背景下,我们采用弗兰克 copula 家族研究了个体之间不同假设水平的共调依赖的影响,在该问题中,一群智能体必须就两个互斥且详尽的假设中的哪一个是正确的达成共识。在这种情况下,代理从两个来源获得证据;直接来自环境以及以概率判断的形式来自其他代理。然后他们对前者应用贝叶斯更新,对后者应用概率池化。我们进行了多代理模拟实验,并表明在代理之间具有一定程度的共调性的假设下获得了最佳的总体水平性能,因此表明代理独立性的标准假设是次优的。发现在存在大量噪声和极少量直接证据的情况下尤其如此。最后,我们研究了世界真实状态发生变化的动态环境,并表明与真实状态保持不变的静态环境相比,确定代理依赖的最佳水平对性能的影响更大。我们进行了多代理模拟实验,并表明在代理之间具有某种程度的共调性的假设下获得了最佳的总体水平性能,因此表明代理独立性的标准假设是次优的。发现在存在大量噪声和极少量直接证据的情况下尤其如此。最后,我们研究了世界真实状态发生变化的动态环境,并表明与真实状态保持不变的静态环境相比,确定代理依赖的最佳水平对性能的影响更大。我们进行了多代理模拟实验,并表明在代理之间具有一定程度的共调性的假设下获得了最佳的总体水平性能,因此表明代理独立性的标准假设是次优的。发现在存在大量噪声和极少量直接证据的情况下尤其如此。最后,我们研究了世界真实状态发生变化的动态环境,并表明与真实状态保持不变的静态环境相比,确定代理依赖的最佳水平对性能的影响更大。发现在存在大量噪声和极少量直接证据的情况下尤其如此。最后,我们研究了世界真实状态发生变化的动态环境,并表明与真实状态保持不变的静态环境相比,确定代理依赖的最佳水平对性能的影响更大。发现在存在大量噪声和极少量直接证据的情况下尤其如此。最后,我们研究了世界真实状态发生变化的动态环境,并表明与真实状态保持不变的静态环境相比,确定代理依赖的最佳水平对性能的影响更大。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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