Abstract Agricultural practices and changes in soil conditions, such as water content, inorganic N content, temperature, pH and organic material availability, affect the bacterial community structure. Soil characteristics and the bacterial community structure were monitored in soil with maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation, zero tillage and crop residue kept (ZTRK) or removed (ZTRR), and conventional tillage with monoculture maize (CTMR) or maize-wheat rotation and crop residue removed (CTRR) or kept in the field and ploughed in (CTRK). The soil organic C was significantly affected by tillage practices and decreased ZTRK > CTRK > CTRR = ZTRR > CTMR, while water content and NO3− concentration showed large fluctuations over the crop cycle, but were not affected significantly by agricultural practices. The bacterial community structure showed large changes over the crop cycle determined by varying soil characteristics, most importantly water content and NO3− concentration and six bacterial genera, i.e. Achromobacter, Bacillus, Halomonas, Kaistobacter, Pseudomonas and Serratia, while changes due to agricultural practices were much smaller. It was found that the bacterial community structure was affected significantly by time, tillage (zero tillage versus conventional tillage), crop residue management (kept versus removed) and crop rotation (CTMR versus CTRR treatment).

中文翻译：

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在整个玉米 (Zea mays L.) 作物周期中常规和保护措施下土壤细菌群落结构的变化

摘要 农业实践和土壤条件的变化，如含水量、无机氮含量、温度、pH 值和有机物质可用性，会影响细菌群落结构。在玉米 (Zea mays L.) 和小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 轮作、零耕和作物残留保留 (ZTRK) 或去除 (ZTRR) 以及单作玉米常规耕作的土壤中监测土壤特征和细菌群落结构(CTMR) 或玉米 - 小麦轮作和作物残留物去除 (CTRR) 或保留在田间并犁入 (CTRK)。土壤有机碳受耕作方式的影响显着，降低 ZTRK > CTRK > CTRR = ZTRR > CTMR，而水分含量和 NO3− 浓度在作物周期内表现出较大的波动，但不受农业实践的显着影响。细菌群落结构在作物周期中显示出很大的变化，这是由不同的土壤特征决定的，最重要的是含水量和 NO3− 浓度以及六个细菌属，即无色杆菌、芽孢杆菌、盐单胞菌、Kaistobacter、假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌，而农业实践引起的变化是小多了。发现细菌群落结构受时间、耕作（零耕与常规耕作）、作物残留管理（保留与移除）和轮作（CTMR 与 CTRR 处理）的显着影响。而由于农业实践造成的变化要小得多。发现细菌群落结构受时间、耕作（零耕与常规耕作）、作物残留管理（保留与移除）和轮作（CTMR 与 CTRR 处理）的显着影响。而由于农业实践造成的变化要小得多。发现细菌群落结构受时间、耕作（零耕与常规耕作）、作物残留管理（保留与移除）和轮作（CTMR 与 CTRR 处理）的显着影响。