Novel features of turbulent flows have been analyzed recently, for example: (1) the possibility of an ideal invariant, such as the energy, to be transferred both to the small scales and to the large scales, in each case with a constant flux; (2) the existence of non-Gaussian wings in Probability Distribution Functions of kinetic, magnetic, and temperature fluctuations, together with their gradients, thus displaying large-scale as well as small-scale intermittency; and (3) the linear dependence on the control parameter of the effective dissipation in turbulence when non-linear eddies and waves interact. We shall briefly review these results with examples stemming from Solar Wind data, the atmosphere and the ocean with either magnetic fields, stratification, and/or rotation. In a second part, we shall examine numerically the inverse cascades of magnetic and of generalized helicity for Hall-MHD in the presence of forcing. These helical invariants in the ideal non-dissipative case involve various cross-correlations between the velocity and vorticity, the magnetic field, and the magnetic potential. For an ion inertial length larger than the forcing scale, the effect of the waves is significant. It leads to an exponential attenuation of the inverse cascade to large scales, since, through the velocity and vorticity, small scales play an increasing dynamical role for a strong Hall current.

近年来，湍流的新特征得到了分析，例如：（1）理想不变性（例如能量）以恒定的通量传递到小尺度和大尺度的可能性；（2）在动，磁和温度波动的概率分布函数中，存在非高斯机翼，以及它们的梯度，因此显示了大小范围的间歇性；（3）当非线性涡旋和波浪相互作用时，湍流有效耗散控制参数的线性依赖性。我们将简要举例说明这些结果，这些示例来自太阳风数据，具有磁场，分层和/或自转的大气和海洋。在第二部分中 我们将在存在强迫的情况下，对霍尔-MHD的磁性和广义螺旋的逆级联进行数值检验。在理想的非耗散情况下，这些螺旋不变量涉及速度和涡度，磁场和磁势之间的各种互相关。对于大于强迫尺度的离子惯性长度，波的影响很明显。由于通过速度和涡度，小尺度对强霍尔电流起着越来越大的动力学作用，这导致反向级联的指数衰减成大尺度。对于大于强迫尺度的离子惯性长度，波的影响很明显。由于通过速度和涡度，小尺度对强霍尔电流起着越来越大的动力学作用，这导致反向级联的指数衰减成大尺度。对于大于强迫尺度的离子惯性长度，波的影响很明显。由于通过速度和涡度，小尺度对强霍尔电流起着越来越大的动力学作用，这导致反向级联的指数衰减成大尺度。