Abstract

RNA is a crucial component of every living organism and is necessary for gene expression and its regulation in the cell. Mechanisms of RNA synthesis (especially mRNA synthesis) were a subject of extensive study for a long time. More recently, RNA degradation pathways began to be considered as equally important part of eukaryotic cell metabolism. These pathways have been studied intensely, and ample information accumulated about RNA degradation systems and their role in cell life. It is currently obvious that RNA decay is of no less importance as RNA synthesis and contributes to regulating the RNA level in the cell. The review considers the main RNA degradation enzymes, the decay pathways of various coding and non-coding RNAs, the mechanisms providing RNA quality control in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and certain structural elements responsible for RNA stability or short life in the cell.

中文翻译：

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真核细胞中的RNA降解

摘要

RNA是每个活生物体的关键组成部分，对于基因表达及其在细胞中的调控是必需的。RNA合成（特别是mRNA合成）的机制是长期以来广泛研究的主题。最近，RNA降解途径开始被认为是真核细胞代谢的重要组成部分。对这些途径进行了深入研究，并积累了大量有关RNA降解系统及其在细胞生命中的作用的信息。目前显而易见的是，RNA衰变在RNA合成中同样重要，并有助于调节细胞中的RNA水平。审查考虑了主要的RNA降解酶，各种编码和非编码RNA的衰变途径，在细胞核和细胞质中提供RNA质量控制的机制，