Climate warming is impacting the phenology, growth and productivity of diverse cropping systems at local, regional and global levels. Long-term observed chickpea-mungbean system (CMS) phenological changes were used for the determination of the relationship between crop practices, climate warming and phenology for the making strategies for CMS to minimize negative climate change impacts. Observed thermal trend from sowing to maturity was ranging from 0.82 to 1.15 °C decade−1 for chickpea and 0.64 to 0.97 °C decade−1 for mungbean during 1980–2018. Observed chickpea phenology stages was earlier for mean value of 7.04 (sowing; S), 6.76 (emergence; E), 4.31 (anthesis; A), 2.15 (maturity; M) days decade−1, whereas chickpea phases were decreased averagely 2.73 (S–A), 2.16 (A–M), 4.89 (S–M) days decade−1. Mungbean, ‘S’ 6.24, ‘E’ 5.97, ‘A’ 3.76, and ‘M’ 2.01 days decade−1 were occurred earlier. Period of mungbean phenology phases were lessened with averaged 2.45 (S–A), 1.76 (S–M) and 4.23 (A–M) days decade−1, respectively. Phenological stages and phases of both crops chickpea and mungbean correlated negatively with rising temperatures at all sites studied. By using CROPGRO-Chickpea and CROPGRO-Legume models for usual chickpea and mungbean cultivars at the sites for 38 years duration indicated that model predicted phenology stages were accelerated with thermal trend more as compared with observed stages. This showed that, during last decades, growing newly evolved cultivars of pulses having more thermal time requirement have significantly offset the increased temperature induced changes in chickpea (33%) and mungbean (20%) phenology. Therefore, for the mitigation of climate warming influences, newly evolved cultivars for CMS must be familiarized that need greater demand for degree days and having higher tolerance to temperature.

中文翻译：

---

气候变暖和作物管理对豆类作物系统物候影响的量化

气候变暖正在影响地方、区域和全球各级不同种植系统的物候、生长和生产力。长期观察到的鹰嘴豆-绿豆系统 (CMS) 物候变化被用于确定作物实践、气候变暖和物候之间的关系，以制定 CMS 策略，以最大限度地减少对气候变化的负面影响。1980-2018 年，从播种到成熟，鹰嘴豆观察到的热趋势范围为 0.82 至 1.15 °C 十年-1，绿豆为 0.64 至 0.97 °C 十年-1。观察到的鹰嘴豆物候阶段较早，平均值为 7.04（播种；S）、6.76（出苗；E）、4.31（开花；A）、2.15（成熟；M）十年-1 天，而鹰嘴豆阶段平均下降 2.73（ S-A), 2.16 (A-M), 4.89 (S-M) 天十年-1。绿豆、'S' 6.24、'E' 5.97、'A' 3.76 和 'M' 2。01 天十年-1 发生得更早。绿豆物候期的平均时间分别为 2.45 (S-A)、1.76 (S-M) 和 4.23 (A-M) 天十年-1。鹰嘴豆和绿豆这两种作物的物候阶段和阶段与所有研究地点的温度升高呈负相关。通过使用 CROPGRO-Chickpea 和 CROPGRO-Legume 模型对现场常见的鹰嘴豆和绿豆品种进行 38 年的持续时间，表明与观察到的阶段相比，模型预测的物候阶段加速了更多的热趋势。这表明，在过去的几十年里，具有更多热时间要求的新进化的豆类栽培品种显着抵消了鹰嘴豆 (33%) 和绿豆 (20%) 物候学中温度升高引起的变化。因此，为了缓解气候变暖的影响，