Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.

人骨髓间充质干细胞（HBMSC）已成为骨再生的金标准。然而，低增殖率和长倍增时间限制了其临床应用。这项研究旨在比较人类牙髓干细胞（HDPSC）与HBMSC在2D和3D无机骨矿物质（ABM）上涂覆仿生胶原蛋白肽（ABM-P-15）改善骨骼形成的骨组织工程功效体内和体外的速度和功效。HDPSC和HBMSCs的多电势已在体外进行了比较。使用体内模型测试了HDPSC在ABM-P-15上的骨形成。碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和成骨标记的免疫组织学染色证实了细胞的成骨潜力。增强的ALP，胶原蛋白，脂质滴，成骨，成脂和成软骨诱导后，HDPSC和HBMSC中可见糖或聚糖的产生。与HBMSC相比，HDPSC显示出更强的ALP染色。共聚焦图像显示，与类似支架上的HBMSC相比，ABM-P-15和ABM支架上的HDPSC更可行。ABM-P-15增强了ABM-P-15支架上的细胞附着/扩散/桥接形成，并显着提高了HDPSC和HBMSC的定量ALP比活性。在扩散室模型中进行体内植入8周后，ABM-P-15支架上的HDPSC显示出广泛的高组织胶原基质形成，与单独的ABM相比，COL-1和OCN呈阳性。总之，HDPSC具有更高的增殖速率和更好的成骨能力，