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Airinemes: thin cellular protrusions mediate long-distance signalling guided by macrophages.
Open Biology ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 , DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200039
Dae Seok Eom 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication is one of the fundamental questions in biology and medicine. In particular, long-range signalling where cells communicate over several cell diameters is vital during development and homeostasis. The major morphogens, their receptors and intracellular signalling cascades have largely been identified; however, there is a gap in our knowledge of how such signalling factors are propagated over a long distance. In addition to the diffusion-based propagation model, new modalities of disseminating signalling molecules have been identified. It has been shown that cells can communicate with direct contact through long, thin cellular protrusions between signal sending and receiving cells at a distance. Recent studies have revealed a type of cellular protrusion termed ‘airinemes’ in zebrafish pigment cell types. They share similarities with previously reported cellular protrusions; however, they also exhibit distinct morphology and features. Airinemes are indispensable for pigment pattern development by mediating long-distance Delta-Notch signalling between different pigment cell types. Notably, airineme-mediated signalling is dependent on skin-resident macrophages. Key findings of airineme-mediated intercellular signalling in pattern development, their interplay with macrophages and their implications for the understanding of cellular protrusion-mediated intercellular communication will be discussed.



中文翻译:

Airinemes:细小的细胞突起介导由巨噬细胞引导的长距离信号传导。

了解细胞间通讯的机制是生物学和医学中的基本问题之一。特别是,细胞通过多个细胞直径进行通信的远程信号在发育和体内平衡过程中至关重要。主要的形态发生素、它们的受体和细胞内信号级联已经在很大程度上被确定;然而,我们对这些信号因子如何长距离传播的知识存在差距。除了基于扩散的传播模型之外,还确定了传播信号分子的新方式。已经表明,细胞可以通过远距离的信号发送和接收细胞之间长而薄的细胞突起进行直接接触进行通信。最近的研究揭示了斑马鱼色素细胞类型中一种称为“airinemes”的细胞突起。它们与先前报道的细胞突起有相似之处;然而,它们也表现出不同的形态和特征。Airinemes 通过介导不同色素细胞类型之间的长距离 Delta-Notch 信号传导,对于色素模式的发展是必不可少的。值得注意的是,airineme 介导的信号依赖于皮肤驻留的巨噬细胞。将讨论 airineme 介导的细胞间信号在模式发展中的主要发现、它们与巨噬细胞的相互作用以及它们对理解细胞突起介导的细胞间通讯的意义。Airinemes 通过介导不同色素细胞类型之间的长距离 Delta-Notch 信号传导,对于色素模式的发展是必不可少的。值得注意的是,airineme 介导的信号依赖于皮肤驻留的巨噬细胞。将讨论 airineme 介导的细胞间信号在模式发展中的主要发现、它们与巨噬细胞的相互作用以及它们对理解细胞突起介导的细胞间通讯的意义。Airinemes 通过介导不同色素细胞类型之间的长距离 Delta-Notch 信号传导,对于色素模式的发展是必不可少的。值得注意的是,airineme 介导的信号依赖于皮肤驻留的巨噬细胞。将讨论 airineme 介导的细胞间信号在模式发展中的主要发现、它们与巨噬细胞的相互作用以及它们对理解细胞突起介导的细胞间通讯的意义。

更新日期:2020-08-19
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