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Heavy Metals Exposure and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 , DOI: 10.3233/jad-200282
Kelly M. Bakulski 1 , Young Ah Seo 2 , Ruby C. Hickman 1 , Daniel Brandt 1 , Harita S. Vadari 1 , Howard Hu 3 , Sung Kyun Park 1, 4
Affiliation  

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias lack effective treatment or cures and are major public health challenges. Risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias is partially attributable to environmental factors. The heavy metals lead, cadmium, and manganese are widespread and persistent in our environments. Once persons are exposed to these metals, they are adept at entering cells and reaching the brain. Lead and cadmium are associated with numerous health outcomes even at low levels of exposure. Although manganese is an essential metal, deficiency or environmental exposure or high levels of the metal can be toxic. In cell and animal model systems, lead, cadmium, and manganese are well documented neurotoxicants that contribute to canonical Alzheimer’s disease pathologies. Adult human epidemiologic studies have consistently shown lead, cadmium, and manganese are associated with impaired cognitive function and cognitive decline. No longitudinal human epidemiology study has assessed lead or manganese exposure on Alzheimer’s disease specifically though two studies have reported a link between cadmium and Alzheimer’s disease mortality. More longitudinal epidemiologic studies with high-quality time course exposure data and incident cases of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are warranted to confirm and estimate the proportion of risk attributable to these exposures. Given the widespread and global exposure to lead, cadmium, and manganese, even small increases in the risks of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias would have a major population impact on the burden on disease. This article reviews the experimental and epidemiologic literature of the associations between lead, cadmium, and manganese on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and makes recommendations of critical areas of future investment.

中文翻译:

重金属暴露与阿尔茨海默氏病及相关痴呆

阿尔茨海默氏病和相关的痴呆症缺乏有效的治疗或治愈方法,是主要的公共卫生挑战。阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆症的风险部分归因于环境因素。重金属铅,镉和锰在我们的环境中分布广泛且持久。一旦人们暴露于这些金属,他们就很容易进入细胞并到达大脑。铅和镉即使在低暴露水平下也与许多健康结果有关。尽管锰是必不可少的金属,但锰缺乏或暴露于环境中或高含量的金属都可能有毒。在细胞和动物模型系统中,铅,镉和锰是有据可查的神经毒剂,可导致典型的阿尔茨海默氏病病理。成人流行病学研究始终显示铅,镉和锰与认知功能受损和认知能力下降有关。尽管有两项研究报告了镉与阿尔茨海默氏病死亡率之间的联系,但尚无纵向的人类流行病学研究评估铅或锰与阿尔茨海默氏病的接触。有必要进行更多的纵向流行病学研究,以提供高质量的时程暴露数据以及阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆的发病例,以确认和估计归因于这些暴露的风险比例。鉴于铅,镉和锰在全球范围内的广泛暴露,即使阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆症的风险增加很小,也会对疾病负担产生重大的人口影响。
更新日期:2020-08-19
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